必修2复习(国外英文资料).docVIP

必修2复习(国外英文资料) It must be inherited, mutated and evolved Knowledge outline The basic laws of heredity (1) the law of separation of genes The advantages of the pea are: (1) the pea can be self-pollinated strictly, and it is a closed flower pollination, which can be kept pure in natural condition. (2) there is an easy distinction between species. Experimental procedure of artificial hybridization: leaving the male (leaving the pistil) and the bag (anti-interference) to artificial pollination (3) a pair of relative character genetic phenomenon: with a pair of relative character homozygous parents hybridization, offspring of a phenotype, in F1, F2 generation characters appear in the separation, the separation ratio is 3:1. (4) the essence of the law of segregation genes: in the cells of heterozygote, located on a pair of homologous chromosomes alleles, have certain independence, the organisms during meiosis, alleles with source chromosome separation and separation, separate into two gametes, independently with the gametes passed to their children. (2) the free combination of genes (1) two pairs of alleles control two genetic phenomena of the relative character: has two homozygous parents hybridization of relative to character, resulting in F1, have four kinds of phenotype, ratio of 9:3:3:1. In each of the four phenotypes, there is a pure zygote, which is 1/16 in the second generation and 4/16 in total. The proportion of two dominant individuals is 9/16; The proportion of double recessive individuals is 1/16; So this is equal to 2/16 times 4 is equal to 8/16; The two heterozygotes are 4/16; The proportion of parental types is 9/16, 1/16; The proportion of recombinant types is 3/16, 3/16 The essence of the law of the free combination of genes: the separation or combination of non-alleles on a non-homologous chromosome is undisturbed. In the process of meiotic division to form gametes, homologous chromosomes alleles separate from each other, at the same time on the same chr