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The application of GPS in highway engineering control measurement(国外英文资料).doc

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The application of GPS in highway engineering control measurement(国外英文资料)

The application of GPS in highway engineering control measurement(国外英文资料) The math is: SAP2 = [Xp - XA) + (yp-ya) 2 + (Zp + ZA) 2) So its going to be the same thing as x sub p of x. (x) 2 + (p - YC) 2 +. (XA, YA, ZA), (XB, YB, ZB), (XC, YC, ZC) are satellite A, B, C at the moment tis space rectangular coordinates. In the GPS measurement usually USES two kinds of coordinate system, one kind is fixed in the space coordinate system, another kind is with the geoid fixed coordinate system, according to fixed coordinate system, we in highway engineering control survey land fixed coordinate system. (e.g. the wgs-84 world geodetic coordinate system and the 1980 xian geodetic coordinate system.) In practice, it is necessary to coordinate the coordinate system according to the transformation parameters of the coordinate system, to find the coordinates of the coordinate system used. This makes it easier to express ground control points and to handle GPS observations, so they are widely used in measurement. Technical characteristics of two GPS measurements In contrast to conventional measurement, GPS measurements have the following characteristics: No sight is needed between station 2.1 stations. The interstation between stations is a problem of measurement. The GPS feature makes it more convenient to select points. But the sky above the station must be open to allow the reception of GPS satellite signals undisturbed. 2.2 accuracy is high. General dual-frequency GPS receiver precision of baseline solution is 5 mm + 1 PPM, and infrared nominal accuracy of 5 mm + 5 PPM, GPS measuring accuracy and infrared instrument, but as the growth of the distance, increasingly prominent superiority of GPS measurement. A large number of experiments have shown that on a baseline of less than 50km, the relative positioning accuracy can be 12 x 10-6, and 10-6 ~ 10-7 on the baseline of 100 ~ 500km. The observation time is short. The observed time of the short time of the observation time is in th