ChapterTwo演示文稿.pptVIP

National Differences in Political Economy Political Economy A term that stresses that the political, economic, and legal systems of a country are interdependent; they interact and influence each other, and in doing so they affect the level of economic well-being Political Systems System of government in a nation Political systems can be assessed according to two dimensions Degree to which they emphasize collectivism as opposed to individualism Degree to which they are democratic or totalitarian Collectivism and Individualism Collectivism Collective goals are more important than individual goals Individual rights are sacrificed for the good of the majority In the modern world collectivism is expressed through socialism Individualism Is the direct opposite of collectivism Central tenet is that individual economic and political freedoms are the ground rules on which society is based Democracy versus totalitarianism Democracy Government is by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives (representative democracy) Elected representatives are held accountable through safeguards Totalitarianism One person/party exercises absolute control over all spheres of human life (competing political parties are banned) Communist totalitarianism Theocratic totalitarianism Tribal totalitarianism Right wing totalitarianism Economic Systems Connection between political ideology and economic systems Countries where individual goals are given primacy free market economic systems are fostered Countries where collective goals are given primacy there is marked state control of markets Economic Systems Market economy: what is produced in what quantity is determined by supply/demand and signaled to producers through a price system Command economy: planned by government Mixed economy: a balance of both of the above Legal Systems Rules - laws - that regulate behavior Processes through which laws are enforced grievances are redressed Three main types o