柏拉图的“洞穴隐喻”与大学专业人员在学校改进中的作用.docx

柏拉图的“洞穴隐喻”与大学专业人员在中小学学校改进中的作用王有升青岛大学师范学院教授wysh1972@163.comPlato’s “Cave Metaphor” and the Role of the College Professional in School-reformingWang YoushengTeachers college, Qingdao Universitywysh1972@163.com摘要：近年来，随着大学与中小学伙伴协作活动的广泛开展，大学专业人员在协作开展学校研究中的作用及角色定位问题时常成为人们关注的焦点问题。有人认为大学专业人员在其中的角色应该由“立法者”转变为“阐释者”，有人从对一线教师“实践性知识”的发现与阐发的角度强调理论研究者与实践工作者的对等与互补关系。所有这些，似乎并不能真正揭示出大学专业人员在参与中小学学校改进中的核心作用，我们需要回到柏拉图的洞见。阿兰·布鲁姆说：“柏拉图式的洞穴图景描述了人类的根本处境。人是其所处时代及场所中权威意见的囚徒，一切人由此开始，大多数人也在此结束。教育就是从这种束缚中获得解放，就是上升到某种立场，从那里能够看到洞穴。”这可以看作是对理论价值的高度肯定，并点出了理论发挥作用的根本方式，由此可以反观大学专业人员在中小学学校改进中发挥的作用。大学专业人员的作用在于使实践者“获得解放”（观念意义上），并能“上升到某种立场”。为此，需要真正发挥批判反思与思辨引领的作用。关键词：洞穴隐喻、学校改进、大学专业人员Abstract:In recent years, along with the widespread cooperation between college and elementary school, the role of the college professional in school-reforming is becoming an important topic for discussion. Someone said that the role of the college professional should be turned to “interpreter” from “legislator”.And someone said that the relationship between theorist and praxist should be equal and inter-complementary since teachers have their own “practical knowledge”.But they can not point out the core of the problem. We need to go back to Plato’s idea. Plato’s cave-vision had depicted the fundamental situation of mankind. Man is the prisoner of the authoritative view in his times and place.Education should be emancipation from the bounding, and should be promotion to high standpoint in order to see the cave. This mean the high affirmation on the role of theory, and also point out the basic way. From this point, we could say that the role of college professional in school-reform is to emancipate the teacher, and lead to upper standpoint. Critical reflection and dialectical thinking must be very important.Keywords: Cave-metaphor; School-reform; College professional在《理想国》一书中，柏拉图曾借苏格拉底之口，以洞穴做比喻，形象地说明了理念世界与现实世界的区别、联系以及教育的根本目的在于使人的心灵发生转向。[1]这样一种比喻宛如一出滑稽、荒诞的剧本，似乎远离了绝大多数人的日常经验感受，并且从根本上否定了日常观念的真实可靠性，初读完全如同痴人说梦。但仔细想来，这其实是一位站在人类智慧高端的哲学家所