秋水仙碱诱导枣多倍体的研究.pdf

园　艺 　学 　报 　2004 , 3 1 (5) : 647～650 Acta Horticulturae Sinica 秋水仙碱诱导枣多倍体的研究 蒋洪恩 　刘孟军 (河北农业大学中国枣研究中心 , 保定 07 100 1) 摘 　要 : 以冬枣 、临猗梨枣和辣椒枣一年生嫁接苗为试材 , 以秋水仙碱为诱变剂诱导多倍体 。结果表 明: 临猗梨枣诱变率最高可达 50 % , 最佳组合为 0 15 %秋水仙碱处理茎尖 18 h ; 冬枣和辣椒枣的诱变率最 高可达 433 % , 最佳处理组合分别为 0 1 %/ 30 h 和 0 15 %/ 18 h 。变异材料的细胞染色体数 (2 n = 4 x = 44) 和单细胞 DNA 含量均为二倍体对照的2 倍 , 在辣椒枣中还出现了染色体数为 2 n = 2 x + 2 = 26 及 DNA 含量为八倍体的细胞 。四倍体变异材料均表现出叶长 、叶宽、叶面积增大 , 叶形指数减小 , 节间长度变短 等特征 。另外 , 还表现出叶片气孔保卫细胞增大 , 叶绿体增多 , 花粉粒增大 , 畸形花粉增多 , 四孔沟花粉 出现及花粉粒育性降低等 。 关键词 : 枣 ; 秋水仙碱 ; 多倍体 ; 诱变 中图分类号 : S 6652 　　文献标识码 : A 　　文章编号 : 05 13353X (2004) Studies on Polyploid Induction of Chinese Juj ube with Colchicine J iang Hongen and Liu Mengj un ( ) R esearch Center of Chinese J uj ube , A g ricult u ral University of Hebei , B aoding 07 100 1, China Abstract : One year old grafted seedlings of Ziz ip h us j uj uba Mill . cv . Dongzao , Linyilizao and L a j iaozao were t reated wit h colchicine at t he shoottip . The result s indicated t hat t he highest induction rate of Linyilizao was 50 % wit h optimum t reat ment combination of 015 %/ 18h ; t he highest induction rates of Dongzao and L aj iaozao were bot h 433 % , and t he optimum t reat ment combinations were 01 %/ 30 h and 015 %/ 18 h respectively . The chromo some number of t he shoottip of t he mut ated plant s (2 n = 4 x = 44) and t he DNA content were bot h twice t hat of t he cont rol . In addition , t he chromo some number of some mut ated L aj iaozao was 2 n = 2 x + 2 = 26 , and some octoploid cells were found in mut ated L aj iaozao . The l