VLAN介绍CCNA 34学期教师.ppt

语音VLAN的配置CCNA并不作要求，让学生了解概念即可。 在默认时，语音VLAN特性是禁用的。但可以使用接口命令 switchport voice vlan 启用它。在启用了语音VLAN特性之后，所有不带标记的流量都按照端口的默认COS优先级发送。对于IEEE 802.1Q或IEEE 802.1p带标记的流量，COS值是非信任的。以下是语音VLAN配置指南：1）、应当在交换机的访问端口上配置语音 VLAN。即使在中继端口上配置了语音VLAN，中继端口也不支持它。2）、语音VLAN应当在交换机的IP电话端上呈现并有效，以便正确的进行通信。使用特权EXEC命令 show vlan,可查看VLAN是否存在，如果存在，就会显示在输出中。3）、在启用VLAN 之前，建议搭建在交换机上输入全局配置命令 mls qos,已启用 QOS，并输入接口命令 mls qos trust cos,将端口状态设置为新人模式4）、必须确信在连接到Cisco IP 电话的交换机端口上启用了CDP，一番送配置信息。默认是它是启用的，因此，除非你禁用了它，否则就不会用问题。 5）、在配置了语音VLAN之后，PortFast 特性就自动启用了，但如果禁用了语音VLAN，PortFast 特性则不会自动禁用。6）、要让端口回到默认设置，可以使用接口配置命令 no switchport voice vlan. * Cisco低端交换机只支持802.1q，不支持ISL。 * 本页需要强调ISL封装里支持VLAN的数量和范围，这是它的缺点之一。注意这点和下一页802.1q的对比。 * Tag Protocol Identifier (TPID): a 16-bit field set to a value of 0x8100 in order to identify the frame as an IEEE 802.1Q-tagged frame. This field is located at the same position as the EtherType/Length field in untagged frames, and is thus used to distinguish the frame from untagged frames. Tag Control Identifier (TCI) Priority Code Point (PCP): a 3-bit field which refers to the IEEE 802.1p priority. It indicates the frame priority level. Values are from 0 (best effort) to 7 (highest); 1 represents the lowest priority. These values can be used to prioritize different classes of traffic (voice, video, data, etc). Canonical Format Indicator (CFI): a 1-bit field. If the value of this field is 1, the MAC address is in non-canonical format. If the value is 0, the MAC address is in canonical format. It is always set to zero for Ethernet switches. CFI is used for compatibility between Ethernet and Token Ring networks. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be bridged to an untagged port. VLAN Identifier (VID): a 12-bit field specifying the VLAN to which the frame belongs. The hexadecimal values of 0x000 and 0xFFF are reserved. All other values may be used as VLAN identifiers, allowing up to 4,094 VLANs. The reserved value 0x000 indicates that th