第三讲 语言学.pptVIP

第三讲;Introduction ;英汉语动词的主要差别;英汉语动词的主要差别:1.英汉动词分类;1. 动词分类;2）有些动词反之，汉语为及物而英语为不及物 They are waiting for the bus. 他们在等汽车。 They will call on you. 他们会/将造访你。 英语中介、副的用法复杂。;3)有些英语Vt变成Vi时，意义要发生变化。 I know him. 我认识他。 I know of him. 我了解他的为人。 She heard the shots. (hear from /about） 她听见枪声。 They approved the plan. 他们批准了这个计划。 They have not approved of the plan. 他们不赞成/同意这个计划。;4）英语Vt一般都要带宾语，汉语在上下文中可以省略宾语。 Do you like this book? Yes, I like it very much. 你喜欢这本书吗？我很喜欢。 *学英语时，遇到动词，先要弄清及物还是不及物，不及物时需跟什么介词或副词，更要注意及物、不及物用法意义是否差别很大。;英汉语动词的主要差别 2. 使用频率：;我忘了带钥匙。 I forget my key. 我给他/她倒了一杯茶。 I offered him/her a cup of tea. 他拿着枪，绕着屋子巡走。 He walked around the house, a gun in hand（with a gun）. 她跳起来，连忙跑到浴室的镜子前，拿掉了毛巾，细看她面颊上的伤口。 She jumped up and hastened to the mirror in the bathroom, taking away the towel to examine the cut upon her cheek.;汉语句子中的动词连用是汉语的历史决定的，因为古代汉语就是如此，甚至更明显。 试比较一下例子：;;许汉阳，本汝南人也。贞元中，舟行于洪饶间，日暮，江波急，寻小浦路入，不觉行三四里，到一湖中，虽广而水才三二尺 Xu Hanyang, who was born in Runan, was travelling by boat in the Hongzhou and Raozhou area one day in the Zhenyuan Period. At dusk, the river became rough, so he sailed into a small tributary. After going for three or four li he found himself on a small lake which was quite large but only two or three feet deep. ;又北行一里许，见湖岸竹树森茂，乃投以泊舟。渐近，见厅宇甚盛，有二青衣双鬟方鵶，素面如玉，迎舟而笑。 Sailing one li northward, he saw thick groves of bamboos and trees cover the bank. He decided to moor his boat there. As he was approaching the place, he saw pavilions and houses, and two young maids, both with their hair in two buns, their faces fair as jade, smiling at him. ;;王冕七岁上死了爹。他母亲替人做些针线，供他到村学堂里去读书。十岁后，王冕开始给人放牛。一日，正是黄梅时候，天气烦躁，王冕放牛倦了，在绿草地上坐着。须臾，浓云密布。一阵大雨过后，那黑云边上镶着白云，渐渐散去，透出一片日光来照耀得满湖通红。湖边山上，青一块，紫一块，绿一块。树枝上都像水洗过一番的，尤其绿得可爱。湖里有十来枝荷花，苞子上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠滚滚。王冕看了一回，心里想到：“古人说：‘人在画图中’，其实不错，我何不画画这荷花？”（《儒林外史》） When Wang Mian was seven his father died, but his mother took on sewing work so he was able to study at the village school. At the age of ten, he began to look after buffalos for a rich man. One day in e