课堂新坐标教师用书高中英语Unit 6 Period Ⅲ Great Buildings Chinese Paper Art课件 北师大版必修2.pptVIP

定语从句 一、基本概念 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词起形容词作用的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。用来引导定语从句的词称为关系词。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：(1)引导定语从句；(2)代替先行词；(3)在定语从句中担当某个成分。 二、基本用法 1．that既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious.(作宾语) 我煮的面条很好吃。 The woman that spoke to me in the shop is my aunt. 在商店里和我说话的那个妇女是我的姨妈。 2．which仅指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。 China is a country which has a long history.(作主语) 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。 The fish(which)we bought this morning was not fresh.(作宾语)我们今天早晨买的鱼不新鲜。 3．who指人，在定语从句中作主语，在口语中也可作宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The man who is shaking hands with my teacher is my father.(作主语) 正在和老师握手的那个人是我父亲。 The girl (who) I spoke to is a nurse.(作宾语) 和我说话的那个女孩是一位护士。 4．whom指人，是who的宾格形式，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。 She is the manager(whom)you want to know.(作宾语) 她是你想认识的那个经理。 5．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。 I know a boy whose father is an engineer.(作定语) 我认识一个男孩，他的父亲是位工程师。 She saw a film whose name she has forgotten.(作定语) 她看了一部电影，名字她忘记了。 【提示】　whose在定语从句中指物时可说成“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”的形式。 He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten. ＝He has written a book the name of which Ive forgotten.＝He has written a book of which the name Ive forgotten.他写了一本书，我忘了书名。 6．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的那个人吗？ Those who are in their fifties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon. 那些年龄在五十岁以上的人被要求于今天下午去体检。 三、关系代词的特殊用法 1．关系代词只用that不用which的情形 (1)当something，anything，nothing，the one，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词或先行词被any，few，little，no，all修饰时，只用that，不用which。 This is all (that) we have learned from her. 这是所有我们从她那儿了解的情况。 (2)先行词被the only，the very修饰时，只用that。 These are the very points that puzzle me. 这些正是使我迷惑的地方。 (3)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。 This is the most beautiful and cleanest city that I have visited in China. 这是我游览过的中国最美丽也最干净的城市。 (4)先行词既有人，又有物时。 He talked about the men and the places that attracted him.他谈论了吸引他的那些人和物。 (5)主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the hotel that you stayed at last night? 你昨晚住的是哪一家旅馆？ (6)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 China isnt the country