寿县地区小麦和水稻田地表反照率观测分析-欢迎访问中国科学院大气.doc

寿县地区小麦和水稻田地表反照率观测分析( 余 予1, 4 李扬云2 童应祥2 田 红3 陈洪滨1 1 中国科学院 大气物理研究所中层大气与全球环境探测重点实验室，北京 100029 2 寿县国家气候观象台，六安 232200 3 安徽省气候中心，合肥 230061 4 中国科学院研究生院，北京 100049 摘 要 利用寿县气候观象台2007年10月~2008年9月地表反射率观测资料，分析了农田地表反照率的季节变化，对比了小麦和水稻在不同生长期的平均反照率，讨论了天气状况和天气过程对反照率的影响。结果表明，在小麦和水稻的生长期内，地表反照率变化相似，均先增大后减小。在作物生长初期，水稻田平均反照率低于小麦田反照率约0.02；中期时，两者相近；成熟后，水稻反照率高于小麦反照率约0.04。降水过后，晴空地表反照率减小。 关键词 地表反照率 小麦 水稻 生长期 中图分类号 P422 文献标识码 A Observation and Analysis of Surface Albedo of Wheat and Rice fields in Shouxian Region YU Yu1, 4, LI Yang-yun2, TONG Ying-xiang2, TIAN Hong3, and CHEN Hong-bin1 1 Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 2 Shouxian National Climate Observatory, Luan 232200 3 Climate Center of Anhui, Hefei 230061 4 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 Abstract Based on the surface albedo measured from October 2007 to September 2008 at Shouxian National Climate Observatory, the seasonal variations of farmland albedo are analyzed, the average wheat albedo and rice albedo in each growth stage are compared, and the effects of different weather condition and weather process on albedo are discussed. Results show that the variations of wheat albedo and rice albedo have broadly a same type that both increase to a relative high level then decrease. In early growth stage, the average rice albedo is lower than that of wheat by 0.02, while the two values are approximately equal in middle growth stage, but the former becomes higher than the latter by 0.04 when the two crops are mature. After precipitation, diurnal surface albedo under clear sky is less than that observed before the weather process. Key words surface albedo, wheat, rice, growth stage 引言 入射到地球表面的太阳辐射，一部分被地表吸收，另一部分被反射回大气。被吸收的那部分能量将转化成为感热、潜热和地热，这三种热通量的水平梯度会造成地表对大气表层的不均匀加热，随之产生从局地尺度到天气尺度的大气环流，继而促使不同空间尺度的天气和气候现象的发生（Duchon et al., 2006）。因此，地表反照率——地表反射的短波辐射与下行太