气象因子对粮豆产量及品种变迁的影响.docVIP

气象因子对粮豆产量及品种变迁的影响 中南财经政法大学 徐欣 摘 要 近几年东北地区低温冷害、霜冻等气象灾害发生频次偏少，但由于越区种植、满贯利用‘无霜期’种植，灾害一旦发生，影响不容小觑。” “如果农民在耕种时选择满贯品种，一旦农作物遭遇低温冷害，在生育期推迟的情况下又遭遇早霜，轻者会影响农作物品质，重者则会造成产量大幅下降。因此，农作物品种选择要保留100至150左右的安全积温，品种的选用要做到退半个积温带，坚决杜绝满贯品种和越区品种。今年春季，黑龙江遭遇低温春涝，许多地方的农作物播种被迫推迟。农谚云：“过了芒种，不可强种。”在黑龙江北部地区，每垧大豆的收益仅为2500多元，每垧玉米的收益却可高达5000元。如果是自家地，盈利可达上万元。“近三年来，大豆价格涨幅不足一成，而玉米价格却上涨逾三成。”这也是近年来东北地区大豆种植面积不断缩小，玉米和水稻种植面积不断扩大的主要原因。2008年大豆种植面积达到45万余亩，到2012年，却锐减至3万亩。而今年，在22万亩土地中，18万亩种植了玉米。萝北县也有一半土地种植玉米，另有36%的土地改成了水田。 The effects of meteorological factors on Grain Yield and variety change Abstract Heilongjiang Province in the history of the division have had their temperature three times , most recently in the early 20th century is also done in the environmental impact of global warming , the Northeast there was a clear difference in the climate , and the Northeast region has a significant changed. Statistics show that in Heilongjiang Province from the 20th century, 80 s, warming trend more obvious that climate warming on agriculture in Heilongjiang Province has a great impact is the most immediate impact , agriculture reaction is very sensitive . Rising temperatures , increasing accumulated , it will directly cause the entire Heilongjiang Province accumulated temperature zone northward . At present , Heilongjiang Province accumulated with the original no longer able to adapt to the current rapid development of the agricultural economy . The results showed that dozens of mid- to Hongxinglong Reclamation crop production showing a growth trend in the general trend ; county crop production in the climate of the 1980s, before the change is relatively small , since the 1980s has significantly increased volatility . In recent decades Hongxinglong Reclamation temperature change on the yield of spring crops than on Spring crop yield . Precipitation on wheat yield significantly more than for rice, corn , sweet potato Spring crop yield. Changes in the amount of solar radiation on soybean , rice yield than corn . F