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Truss Bridge * Bridge Engineering: Lessons from Rome to Tacoma Clear Lake MS Engineering 03-27-2006 700 A.D. Asia 1,304 years ago 100 B.C. Romans 2,104 years ago Clapper Bridge Tree trunk Stone Arch design evenly distributes stresses Natural concrete made from mud and straw Roman Arch Bridge History of Bridge Development Great Stone Bridge in China Low bridge Shallow arch Allows boats and water to pass through History of Bridge Development Truss Bridges Mechanics of Design Wood Suspension Bridges Use of steel in suspending cables 1900 1920 Prestressed Concrete Steel 2000 Compression Tension Basic Concepts Span - the distance between two bridge supports, whether they are columns, towers or the wall of a canyon. Compression – Tension - Force - Concrete has good compressive strength, but extremely weak tensile strength. What about steel cables? Basic Concepts Beam - a rigid, usually horizontal, structural element Pier - a vertical supporting structure, such as a pillar Cantilever - a projecting structure supported only at one end, like a shelf bracket or a diving board Beam Pier Load - weight on a structure The type of bridge used depends on the obstacle. The main feature that controls the bridge type is the size of the obstacle. Types of Bridges Basic Types: Truss Bridge Beam Bridge Arch Bridge Suspension Bridge Floating Bridge Truss Beam Arch Suspension Floating 2nd Mameyaki Bridge A Matsuo Example 549m Center Span 863m Total Length Pont de Quebec Worlds Longest 40m - 500m Typical Span Lengths All beams in a truss bridge are straight. Trusses are comprised of many small beams that together can support a large amount of weight and span great distances. Types of Bridges Beam Bridge Consists of a horizontal beam supported at each end by piers. The weight of the beam pushes straight down on the piers. The farther apart its piers, the weaker the beam becomes. This is why beam bridges rarely span more than 250 feet. Forces When something pushes down on th