外文翻译 溢洪道.docVIP

Lesson 15 spillways溢洪道 A spillway is the safety valve for a dam. It must be designed to discharge maximum flow while keeping the reservoir below a predetermined level. A safe spillway is extremely important. Many failures of dams have resulted from improperly designed spillways or spillways of insufficient capacity. Spillway size and frequency of use depend on the runoff characteristics of the drainage basin and the nature of the project. The determination and selection of the reservoir inflow design flood must be based on an adequate study of the hydrologic factors of the basin. The routing of the flow past the dam requires a reasonably conservative design to avoid loss of life and property damage. 溢洪道相当于坝上的一个安全阀，它必须设计成能够泄放最大的流量，而同时能保持水库的水位在预定的水位以下。一个安全的溢洪道是极为重要的，许多坝的失事都是由溢洪道设计不当或者溢洪道容量（泄量）不足造成的。溢洪道的尺寸和使用频率取决于流域特性和工程性质。入库设计洪水的选择和确定，则必须在充分研究流域水文因素的基础上进行。对于过坝水流的调泄，需要有合理谨慎的设计，以避免生命和财产的损失。 Space limitations do not permit an adequate hydrologic treatment of flood flows. However, data are supplied for estimates of maximum flows for the initial project studies. A more detailed hydrologic analysis is necessary for the utilization of the annual and long-term stream flow in a proper project formulation. 由于篇幅限制，这里不允许对洪水流量的水文分析做充分的讨论。但是提供了做工程初步研究用的最大流量估算资料。至于在工程的正式规划中对河床水流作年或多年利用时，则需要进行更详细的水文分析。 1 stream flows河川流量 The study of stream or river flows involves: ① the determination of the amount of water available throughout a period of years; and ②the determination of the maximum volumes of water that must be handled for spillway design and dam safety. 对江河流量的研究包括：①确定经若干年一段时间内所能获得的水量；②确定溢洪道设计和大坝安全所必须宣泄的最大水量。 In the first aspect, the flow is studied for periods of drought and periods of excess water in relation to use in the project development. Prior water rights must be investigated and programmed into this study. A mass curve of the stream runoff over a period of years is developed to determine the available water. The mass curve is the accumulative total of the volume of flow