玉米耐受盐胁迫调控机理探讨进展.doc

玉米耐受盐胁迫的调控机理研究进展 　　摘要：盐胁迫是影响玉米生长和产量的一个重要环境限制因素。盐胁迫易引发离子胁迫和渗透胁迫，最终导致植物叶面积扩展受阻、光合作用以及生物量积累降低等。植物在适应盐胁迫环境时能形成许多耐受调节机理，如Na+的外排、Na+区隔化进入液泡、可溶性物质的积累和活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）的清除等。本文对近年来玉米耐盐机理的研究进展作一概述，内容包括盐胁迫对玉米生长和发育的影响，玉米对盐胁迫的生理生化响应及分子机制，基于离子平衡、渗透调节、清除活性氧和激素调节 4 个方面的玉米耐受盐胁迫的调控机理，并对玉米耐盐研究存在的问题和前景进行了分析和展望。深入研究玉米耐盐生理和分子机制，不仅具有重要的科学意义，而且还能为将来玉米的耐盐育种提供重要的理论指导 关键词：玉米；耐盐性；耐盐生理响应；耐盐分子调控机制 中图分类号：S513.01 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2016）11-0157-07 Abstract Salinity stress is one of the most serious environmental constraints to maize growth and productivity. It causes ionic and osmotic stresses， and finally inhibits leaf expansion， restricts photosynthesis and limits the accumulation of biomass. In response to salinity stress， plants have employed many adaptive strategies， such as the active exclusion of sodium ions （Na+） and/or their sequestration into the vacuole， the accumulation of soluble substances and the scavenge of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. The research advances of maize salt tolerance in recent years were discussed in this paper， including the effects of salt stress on maize growth and development， the physiological， biochemical and molecular mechanisms of maize salt tolerance. Among them， ion homeostasis， osmoregulation， scavenge of ROS and phytohormone regulation were especially summarized about their regulation roles on adaptation to salt stress in maize. In addition， some problems and suggestions for the research of maize salt tolerance were provided. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms of maize salt tolerance not only had important scientific significance， but also could provide important theoretical guidance for maize salt resistant breeding in the future. Keywords Maize； Salt tolerance； Physiological response of salt tolerance； Molecular mechanism of salt tolerance 土壤盐渍化是造成农作物减产的重要环境限制因素之一。据统计，全球约有20%的农业耕地遭受盐渍化的侵蚀，预计到2050年，有超过50%的耕地将被盐渍化。我国有3 600×104 hm2的盐渍地，其中有660×104 hm2是耕地，占全国耕地面积的6.62%，主要集中分布在东北、华北、西北地区和长江以北等粮食主产区[1]。近年