2017年英语转本翻译知识点讲解综合.docxVIP

英译汉状语成分一、时间状语从句1. 译成相应的时间状语1）与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。2）后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。2. 译成“刚（一）…… 就……”的句式：When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一到海滩，就昏倒了。3. 译成并列的分句：1）译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。2）后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。二、原因状语从句1. 译成表“因”的分句：1）“因”在“果”之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。2）“果”在“因”之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她总能逃脱处罚，因为她看起来像个小孩。2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句：Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软，所以不用于工业。Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句：Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音，哪里就必有声波。After all, it did not matter much, because in 24 hours, they were going to be free.反正关系不大，24小时以后他们就自由了。三、表示条件的状语从句1. 译成表示条件的分句，汉语一般前置：When this question is answered, even better and cheaper magnetic materials can be developed.如果这一问题得到解决，就能研制出更好、更便宜的磁性材料。2. 译成表示“假设”的分句，一般前置：If one of them collapsed, as they often did, the guide used to carry him over the mountains.如果其中一个人垮了，这种事常在他们中间发生，向导就要背着他过山，3. 译成补充说明情况的分句，一般后置：You can drive tonight if you are ready.你今晚就可以出车，如果你愿意的话。英汉对应词的不对等一般而言，和汉语相比，英语词汇的词义面相对较宽，如英文uncle可对应于汉语的“叔叔、伯伯、舅舅、姑父、姨夫”等；常用动词carry根据不同的方式（用介词短语表示）可译成汉语“拿、提、拎、持、执、抱、背、驮、抬、挑、携、夹、举、抗、顶”等。当然，也有相反的情况，如laugh, smile, giggle, guffaw, chuckle, cackle, titter, snigger, chortle, grin, smirk, simper等译成汉语都是一个“笑”。“升级”一词在英语中用法广泛，在社会、科技、政治等领域各有不同的说法。本期以“升级”为例，看看英汉之间如何对应。在教育领域，学生升入高一个年级，正确的英语表达是go up one grade。例如：He did not pass the exams so he could not go up to the second grade.Grade也可指代产品等的级别，例如（某产品）“升级换代”可用upgrade（本意即“更新”、“用最新的数据、设备”等）， 例如：The machinery in that factory was upgraded only last year.如今计算机科技发展迅速，软件的“升级”同样用update，例如：Have you updated your office software? 在政治领域，官员的“升级（升迁）”则是be/get promoted或have a promotion，例如：He was once again promoted to a higher