环境因素对DNA甲基化影响_曹家雪.pdf

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2013 7 , 35(7): 839―846 ISSN 0253-9772 综 述 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2013.00839 环境因素对DNA 甲基化的影响 1 1 2 曹家雪 , 张红平 , 杜立新 1. , 625014; 2. , 100094 在哺乳动物中, DNA 甲基化是指在DNA 甲基转移酶(DNA-methyl transferase, DNMT) 的作用下, 以S-腺 苷甲硫氨酸提供甲基供体, 将其甲基转移到脱氧胞嘧啶环第 5 位碳原子形成甲基化脱氧胞嘧啶的共价修饰。 DNA 甲基化改变组蛋白和DNA 之间的相互作用, 使染色质构象发生改变从而影响基因的表达, 总体来说DNA 甲基化水平与基因的表达呈负相关。越来越多的报道证实, 环境因素可以影响表观遗传修饰, 其并没有涉及遗 传信息的改变, 所以在一定范围内可以解释表型变化。文章围绕环境因素(温度、营养供给、异常化学因子、早 期环境刺激和辐射等)对 DNA 甲基化产生的影响进行综述, 这些影响包括亲代和子代 DNA 甲基化的改变及子 代行为和表型变化等方面, 以期进一步阐释环境因素与基因互作的关系。 环境因素; 表型变异; DNA 甲基化; 表观遗传 Influence of environmental factors on DNA methylation 1 1 2 CAO Jia-Xue , ZHANG Hong-Ping , DU Li-Xin 1. Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding , Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; 2. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China Abstract: DNA methylation is catalyzed by a family of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) that transfer a methyl group from S-adenyl methionine (SAM) to the fifth carbon of a cytosine residue to form 5mC. DNA methylation affects the inter- action between the histone and DNA, which changes the chromosome structure and has reverse relationship with gene ex- pression in general. Up to now, more and more studies have confirmed that environmental factors can alter epigenetic modi- fications, which do not involve in changing DNA sequence. So it can explain the phenotype of creature in a certain degree. This article focused on the influence of enviro