太阳能光伏发电材料技术新进展.doc

太阳能光伏发电材料技术新进展 摘要：本文首先介绍了太阳能光伏发电的基本原理，然后简述了用于太阳能光伏发电的各种常用材料的原理和特点以及在实验室中的最高转换效率，并介绍了研究前沿的几种新材料和结构，最后就太阳能光伏发电的前景做了分析总结。 Abstract: This paper introduces the basic principle of solar photovoltaic power generation, and then briefly describes various commonly used for solar photovoltaic material principle and the characteristic and in the laboratory of the highest conversion efficiency, and introduces the research frontier of some new material and structure, the solar photovoltaic power generation prospect analysis and summary. 　　关键词：光伏发电材料 转换效率 新进展 规模化应用 Keywords: photovoltaic material conversion efficiency in large scale application 　　随着太阳能尤其是太阳能光伏发电（简称“光伏发电”）的应用越来越广泛，更多新材料和新技术不断涌现。本文将着重介绍近期光伏发电材料技术的进展，并简述规模化应用趋势。 With the development of solar energy in particular solar photovoltaic ( referred to as PV ) is applied more and more widely, more and more new material and new technology is ceaseless emerge in large numbers. This paper introduces the recent photovoltaic material technology development, the scale and the application trend of. 　　1 太阳能光伏效应 1 solar photovoltaic effect 　　光伏材料将光能转换为电能，这个过程叫做光伏效应。光伏效应的过程即半导体材料吸收光子能量，使到半导体中的原子发生原子能级跃迁，然后释放电子并形成电压的过程。入射光子的能量e=hν，（h为普朗克常数，ν为入射光子的频率），只有当入射光子的频率达到一定数值，使到入射光子的能量e大于半导体能级跃迁并释放电子所需要的最小能量—— 禁带宽度，才能使原子能级跃迁并产生电子。 Photovoltaic materials convert light energy to electric energy, this is called the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect is the process of semiconductor material absorbs the energy of the photons, so that the semiconductor atoms in atomic energy level transition, then release electrons and form voltage process. The incident photon energy e=h ν, (H is the Planck constant, V as the incident photon frequency ), only when the incident photon frequency reaches a certain value, so that the incident photon energy is larger than the semiconductor e energy transition and emission of electrons needed minimum energy -- the band width, can make the atomic energy level transition and electronic. 　　2 太阳能光伏应用常见材料特性 2 solar