赵翼的诗和史学.docVIP

赵翼的诗和史学 赵翼的诗和史学 【英文标题】Zhao Yis Poetry and His Historical Study WANG Shu-min 【作 者】王树民 【作者简介】王树民（1911），男，天津武清人，河北师范大学历史系教授。河北师范大学　历史系，河北　石家庄　050091 【内容提要】赵翼号瓯北，是清代乾隆嘉庆年间著名的文人。生前以诗人名世，与同时之袁枚、蒋士铨合称为乾隆三大诗家，收于《瓯北诗集》者达4883首之多。身后则以史学家见称，与钱大昕、王鸣盛齐名，其史学著作主要为《廿二史札记》与《陔馀丛考》二书。关于《廿二史札记》之评价，原在钱大昕《二十二史考异》与王鸣盛《十七史商榷》之下，其后则逐渐提高而列于钱、王二人之书以上。其主要价值在从史法与史事方面，就二十四史原书作具体的分析评论，因而于初读二十四史者有导读的作用，为史学方面特具创造性的成就与贡献。 【英文摘要】Zhao Yi was a famous man of　letters　during　the　reign　ofQian Long Emperor in Qing Dynasty. As a well-famed　poet,　 hewas one of the three great poets, the other two　being　YuanMei and Jiang Shi-quan. The number of his poems　collected　inPoems by Zhao Yi reaches 4,883. After　his　death,　 he　wasknown as a scholar of historical study, winning the same　famewith Qian Da-xin and Wang Ming-wei. Among his major　works　ofhistorical study are Accounts of the　22　Historical　RecordsBooks and Investigation of Gai Yu. At　first　Accounts　ofthe 22 Historical Records Books was evaluated lower than　theother two scholars　works:　 Comparative　Study　of　the　22Historical Records Books by Qian Da-xin　and　the　TentativeDiscussions of the 17 Historical Records Books by Wang　Ming-wei. Later the table had been turned upside　down　that　ZhaoYis work was more highly evaluated than the other　two.　 Thechief value of Zhao Yis work lies in　the　concrete　analysisand comments of the original 24 Historical Records Books　fromthe　perspective　of　historical　study　method　and　 factualrecording, therefore it will help those beginners to read　the24 Historical Records Books. As　an　innovative　achievement, this work made its own contribution to the historical study. 【关 键 词】赵翼/诗/史学 Zhao Yi/poetry/historical study [中图分类号]K09　　[文献标识码]A　　[文章编号2000赵翼字云崧，或作耘菘，号瓯北，是清代著名的诗人和史学家，生于雍正五年，卒于嘉庆十九年），享年八十八岁。江苏阳湖（今常州市）人，出身于清寒之家。其父赵宽，字子容，以授徒为业。赵翼六岁时，即随其父在塾中读书，特别喜好诗词古文。乾隆六年（1741年），赵翼年十五岁，其父死在杭氏家馆中，因赵翼学行优异，杭氏即请其继任父职。馆金年仅六两，以此负担家庭生活，故十分艰苦。十四年（1749年）离家入京，次年得中顺天乡试。座师为休宁汪由敦，得其赏识，延于家中，教其二子，并为代笔。汪氏家富藏书，赵翼得信手翻阅，直到二十三年（1758年），