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Available online at Bioresource Technology 99 (2008) 4263–4268 Improvement of erythromycin production by Saccharopolyspora erythraea in molasses based medium through cultivation medium optimization H.A. El-Enshasy a,*, N.A. Mohamed b, M.A. Farid b, A.I. El-Diwany b a Bioprocess Development Department, GEBRI, Mubarak City for Scientific Research, New Burg Al Arab, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt b Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt Received 14 February 2007; received in revised form 24 June 2007; accepted 25 August 2007 Available online 23 October 2007 Abstract In the present work, erythromycin production was carried out in submerged culture using Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Different experiments were conducted to optimize the cultivation medium through the change of carbon and nitrogen sources to cheaper one in order to reduce the cost of medium and to utilize sugar cane molasses as one of major sugar industry by-products in Egypt. It was found that the addition of sugar cane molasses a sole carbon source at a concentration of 60 g/l accompanied by corn steep liquor (as organic N-source) in combination with ammonium sulphate (as inorganic N-source) gave the maximal erythromycin production. The antibiotic production in this medium reached about 600 mg/l which is about 33% higher than the value obtained in glucose based med- ium. On the other hand, the addition of n-propanol in concentration of 1% (v/v) increased the antibiotic production reaching about 720 mg/l after 144 h. Concluding, the new medium formulation based on cheap carb