英语语法-英语语法大全7.docx

美联英语提供：英语语法-英语语法大全7关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-03)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句的谓语动词须用过去将来时态。如：They did not know when they would go to the Great Wall. 他们不知道什么时候去参观长城。He said he was going to be an actor after leaving school.他说他毕业后要当演员。[注]主句的谓语动词如是过去时态，还须注意下面两种特殊情况：1)从句所说明的如果是一般真理或客观事实，则仍用现在时态。如：The teacher told the pupils that the earth is round.老师告诉学生地球是球形体的。Somebody told me you an a writer.有人告诉我说你是一个作家。2)从句如果有表示某一具体时间的状语，谓语动词所表示的动作虽发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般仍用过去一般时，不用过去完成时。如：The teacher told his pupi1s that the Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai in l921. 老师告诉学生中国共产党于一九二一年在上海诞生。My father told me that my grandfather was born in l900.我父亲告诉我，我祖父生于一九OO年。[英语语法手册]助动词 助动词的形式与作用1)英语常用的助动词(auxiliary verb)有shall，will，should，would，be，have，do等。助动词一般无词义，不能单独作谓语动词。助动词在句中的作用，在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构等。如：China has entered a great new era. 中国已进入了一个伟大的新时期。(帮助构成完成时态)Some boys are playing on the grass. 一些男孩正在草地上玩。 (帮助构成进行时态)Mother is written by Gorky. 《母亲》是高尔基写的。 (帮助构成被动语态)We Shall have the football match if it does not rain.如果不下雨，我们就赛足球。(帮助构成将来时态和否定结构)Do you see my point? 你明白我的意思吗?(帮助构成疑问结构)[注]在否定结构中，not须放在助动词后面。2)助动词加not一般都有简略式，用于口语中。如：is not-isnt would not--wouldntare not--arent [B:nt] have not--haventwas not -- wasnt has not--hasntwere not-- werent [wE:nt] had not--hadntshall not--shant [FB:nt] do not--dont [dEunt]will not--wont [wEunt] does not--doesntshould not--shouldnt did not--didntbe助动词be的形式变化和动词be。be作为助动词的用法有下列几种：1)be后跟动词的现在分词 可以构成各种进行时态。如：The driver is cleaning the car.司机在擦车。Yesterday afternoon we were discussing a new plan.昨天下午我们在讨论一个新的计划。Women in our country are playing an important part in socialist construction.我国妇女在社会主义建设中正起着重要的作用。2) be后跟动词的过去分词 可以构成被动语态。如：A lot of consumer goods are made of nylon.许多消费品都是尼龙作的。The Flower Show is usually held here in October. 花展通常于10月在此举行。The cinema will be closed for repair from March 3rd.影院自三月三日起修理内部停止营业。3)be加动词不定式 有下列各种用法：a)表示未来的安排或计划。如：The delegation is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.代表团定于明天去上海。Im to be