2016届高考英语备考策略 虚拟语气的讲解与训练.docVIP

虚拟语气的讲解与训练 虚拟语气 知识要点 英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 indicative mood） 用于陈述事实或提出看法。英语中的句子绝大部分都是陈述语气。我们在谈论时态和语态时，都主要是指陈述语气的动词变化。例如： （1）He did very well in the examination. 他考得很好。 （2）She heard the front door shut. 她听见大门给关上了。 2. 祈使语气(imperative mood)用于提出命令、要求、请求、邀请、劝告或建议等。英语中的祈使句使用的就是祈使语气。在祈使语气中，动词要用原形，其否定式是在动词原形前加do not或don’t。例如： （1）Come and sit on the sofa. 来坐在沙发上。 （2）Do not touch these wires. 请勿接触电线! 3. 虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：? 与现在事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If 1.动词过去式(或were) 2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形 hould/would/ could/ might +动词原形 If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.? （2）与将来事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If 1.???? should+动词原形 2.???? 动词过去式 were to+动词原形 hould/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 If you should lose, what would you do? If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.? （3）与过去事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If had+过去分词 hould/would/could/might + have+过去分词 If you had listened to us, you should not have had so much trouble. If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 疑难突破 1. 虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 省掉if的条件从句结构 Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…) （2）有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示如： A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...) (=If there were no water,…) (=If you hadn’t helped me,…) 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致如： If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home.? 虚拟语气的其他用法 1）suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order…+that…(should ) + 动词原形 注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。 He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking. 上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。 He made a request that they (should) stop smoking. 如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。 He insists that he is right.? 2）It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导