南海涉外侵权中我国渔业权制度的需求、供给和创新.pdfVIP

• 162. 法律科学(西北政法大学学报) 2015 年第 2 期 文章编号: 1674 -5205 (2015 }02-ú 162-(012) 南海涉外侵权中我国渔业权制度的需求、供给和创新 宁清同 (海南大学法学院，海南海口 570228 ) 〔摘 要〕 我国渔民的南海渔业权频频遭受涉外侵害，侵权人多为代表国家意志的外国国家机关，侵权之本 质在于侵占我国南海岛礁和海域，渔业权与主权不可分割，因此南海渔业权制度须能承担维护南海主权、激励渔民 行使其南海渔业权、抗衡代表外国国家意志的涉外侵权等功能。但现行制度由于设立和流转过于僵化和保守、行 政保护乏力、对侵权外国渔民的执法和司法机制缺失、涉外侵权之法律责任畸轻、我国渔民损害赔偿没有保障等原 因，难以适应和满足南海渔业权保护的特殊需求。我国应通过行政法规或部门规章、地方性法规模式形成南海专 门法律体系，应确立不卑不亢的南海原则，应在渔业权的设立与流转、司法体制、损害赔偿、行政保护、激励与保障、 保险机制、区域协作、渔民联合作业、管理机制、国际法保护等方面大胆进行制度创新。 〔关键词〕 南海;涉外侵权;渔业权;南海主权 Abstract:ηle fishery right of Chinese fisherrnen in South China Sea frequently suffered foreign invasion , most of the infringers 缸e foreign organs representing the will of the state , the essence of tort is to occupy islands and waters in the South China Sea , fishing rights and sovereignty is inseparahle , so the fishery right system for the South China Sea must un- dertake such functions as maintaining the sovereignty of the South China Sea, encourage fisherrnen to exercise their fishery right in the South China Sea , and counter the forei伊-related infringement on behalf of the will of foreign nations. Howev- er , the current system is difficult to adapt to and meet the special requirements of fishery rightsprotection of the South Chi- na Sea , because the estahlishment and circulation is most rigid and conservative , administrative protection is short of the support of power and law enforcement , and judicial mechanisms for the foreign fisherrnen infringer do not exist , foreign- related tort liahility is not severe , and 50 on. China shall estahlish a special corre5ponding le伊1 sy5tem