医学英语的翻译.ppt

医学英语的翻译 理解原文是翻译工作的核心,只有透彻理解了,才能翻译得好; 而理解不外乎从外语语言和专业内容着手. 就外语语言而言, 可分为词汇和语法两方面.词汇以词义为主,而语法则在于分析词序和句子结构. 大多数医学专业术语都是单义词 , 比如: bacteria, therapy, genetics, anaesthesia, appendicitis, antibiotic, bronchitis 但是, 在翻译过程中,比较难于处理的是英语的多义词. 我们可以通过下面一些方法来确定词义. 根据词性来确定词义 Like causes produce like results. (形容词: 相同的，相像的, 同类的) 2) Animal cells do not possess a definite cell wall like that seen in the cells of plants. ( 介词: 象-----; 跟----一样) 3) Reducing hyperlipidemia ( 高血脂) by the administration of certain drugs brings about good results, like substituting most of the animal fat in the diet by polyunsaturated ( 不饱和的) fatty acids. ( 连词: 象---一样) 二.联系上下文来确定词义 In recent reports of eight cases of viral hepatitis, four were seen with acute urticaria荨麻疹in the pre-icteric黄疸早期phase. (cases: 例) Massive bleeding may not be brought under control in time. Such being the case, prompt operation is indicated. ( case: 情况) Fever may be high and sustained in severe cases. ( cases: 病例) The patient had a history of tarry stools ( black bowels ) prior to admission. ( had: 有) The number of colds a person has is closely associated with his general health and the care he takes of himself. ( has: 患) The nurse should have the patients changing their lying positions frequently so as to prevent bedsore. ( have: 使, 让) 三. 根据词的搭配选择词义 If the resistance of the body is high, the imprisoned organisms may eventually die. ( high: 强) The scientist and his co-workers have noted higher rates for gastrointestinal胃肠道cancer in mine workers. ( higher: 较高) Of the 12 patients in the high-risk group, all had a heart attack in the hospital. (high-risk: 危险性大) The incidence of smallpox天花has been greater in the countries where vaccination is not nationally done. ( greater: 较高) The information provides great encouragement for the cancer therapists, for he can now see that many of his patients can be given a perfectly normal expectation