大学英语写作(用词).pptVIP

名词(Nouns)名词表示名称，用来命名人、地方、事物以及一般情况。有些表示特定名称的名词，通常被称为专有名词，需要大写。例如：●The students who graduated from Beijing University are invited to a reception hosted by Professor Smith.北京大学的毕业生们被邀请参加由史密斯教授主持的欢迎会。名词最主要的作用是作句子的主语(施动者)或宾语(受动者)。例如：●The drivers need to have very quick reactions. (主语) (宾语)司机需要具备非常迅速的反应能力。●This month’s trading figures show some improvement. (主语) (宾语)本月的贸易统计数字表明情况有所改善。 代词(Pronouns)代词的作用是替代名词，以避免重复。代词主要有人称代词、物主代词以及不定代词三种。人称代词 物主代词 不定代词(部分举例)I, me my, mine anybody someoneYou your, yours anything anyhe, him his anyone someshe, her her, hers everybody fewit its everything eachwe, us our, ours everyone manythey, them their, theirs somebody all  something 下面的例句中使用了三种代词：●If anybody wishes to volunteer his or her services as a teacher, will he or she please stand up.任何自告奋勇想当老师的人，请起立。●Has anyone seen my textbook? I left it on somebody’s desk.有人看到我的教科书了吗？我把它放在某个人的桌子上了。注意，有些不定代词变所有格时要借助于所有格(’)及字母s(即 ’s)。 除三种常用代词外，还有以下三种代词：(1)用于提问的疑问代词：who, which, whom, whose, what等。 例如：●“What is the color of the reference book and to whom does it belong?”参考书是什么颜色的？是谁的？(2)在先行词后引导从句的关系代词：who, which, that, whom, whose等。例如：●The student who left the new textbook on the desk that is located in our school is still looking for it.将新教科书遗忘在我们学校书桌上的学生还在寻找它。 (3)指代事物的指示代词：these, those, this, that等。例如：●Where did you get those? I’ve been looking for some shoes like that.你在哪儿买的那双鞋子？我一直在找那样的鞋子。注：当指示代词后紧跟名词时，它可以起形容词的作用。如：these cars, that house, this theory, those students。 动词(Verbs)动词是句子的中心，它使句子感人真切，富有生命力。事实上，没有动词就写不成句子，因为它在主语和宾语之间起着不可或缺的连接作用。例如：●The company is promoting its new products. 公司正在推销其新产品。●He was promoted to the manager. 他被提拔为经理。因为动词执行或接受某一行为动作，反映某一情况或事件，因此，动词是使