土木工程专业英语课件Lesson_3.pptxVIP

Lesson 3 Components of A Building 建筑物的组成 ;4. surpass 超过，胜过 (1) To be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of 超过权限、权力或能力 (2) To be or go beyond as in degree or quality 在程度或质量上胜过或超过 5. exterior 外部的，外面的 反义词－－interior 内部的 ex－表示“由...出来, 自”之义 如：ex-president 前任总统 14. conceal 隐蔽、隐瞒 conceal sth. from sb. 对某人隐瞒某事 如: He concealed his real motives from me.; Materials and structural forms are combined to make up the various parts of a building, including the load carrying frame, skin, floors, and partitions. 材料和结构形式被组合在一起形成了建筑物的不同部分。包括承重的框架、外墙、楼板层、以及隔墙。 The building also has mechanical and electrical systems, such as elevators, heating and cooling systems, and lighting systems. 建筑物还有机械和电力系统，比如，电梯、供暖制冷系统，照明系统。 The superstructure is that part of a building above ground, and the substructure and foundation, is that part of a building below ground. 上部结构是建筑物在地面上的部分 , 而下部结构以及基础是建筑物的地下部分。 super- 表示“在...上,加之”之义。superabundant 过多的, 有余的; The skyscraper, owes its existence to two developments of the 19th century：steel skeleton construction and the passenger elevator. 摩天大楼的出现得益于19世纪的两大发展 ：钢结构建筑和载人电梯。 Steel as a construction material dates from the introduction of the Bessemer converter in 1855. 钢材作为一种建筑材料是始于1855年贝色麦转炉炼钢法的引入。 Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) introduce steel construction in France. Gustave Eiffel将钢结构引入法国。 His designs for the Galerie des Machines and the Tower for the Paris Exposition of 1889 expressed the lightness of the steel framework. 1889年巴黎展览会的塔和他为Galerie des 机械的设计表现了钢结构的灵活性。 ; The Eiffel Tower, 984 feet (300 meters) high, was the tallest structure built by man and was not surpassed until 40 years later by a series of American skyscrapers. 埃非尔铁搭高达300m，是当时人类修建的最高的结构，直到40年后，其高度才被美国的一系列的摩天大楼超过。 The first elevator was installed by Elisha Otis in a department store in New York, in 1857. 第一部电梯是由Elisha Otis在1857年安装在纽约的一座百货公司里。