初一语法基础句子成分.ppt

I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday afternoon. 主 谓 定语 宾语 同位语 地点状语 时间状语 指出下列句子的句法成分： Have a try （一 ）主语 主语指的是被陈述或被说明的对象，表示谓语所说的是“谁”或“什么”。通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句担任。 She went out in a hurry. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. When we shall leave hasn’t been decided. The young should respect the old. The wounded ____taken good care of there. What he has just said ___true. were is 形容词或分词前加the 可以表示一类人，做主语时，谓语动 词用复数。 从句也可以做主语，称为主语从句，此时谓语动词用单数。 1、笑是具有多重意义的语言。 2、骄傲是无知的产物。 3、学习一门外语很重要。 4、他不去是个好消息。 汉语中，除了名词和代词等可以作主语外，动词/动词短语（例1、3）、形容词/形容词短语（例2）、主谓短语（例4）都可以作主语，英译时，主语应变成相应的名词形式（例1、2）、动名词或不定式短语（例3）或主语从句（例4）。 比 较 Laughter is a kind of meaningful language. Pride is the product of ignorance. To learn a foreign language is important. (Learning a foreign language is important.) That he won’t go is good news. （二） 谓语 谓语用来说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态，由动词构成。有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。 1. 简单谓语： 是由动词或动词词组组成的。 Everyone laughed. I saw the red flag on the top of the hill. 2. 复合谓语：是由“情态动词或助动词 + 动词”构成；“连系动词+ 表语”也构成复合谓语。 He can speak English very well. Do you speak English? The work must be done before three o’clock. He is a teacher. She is in good health. 1、明天星期六。 Tomorrow is Saturday. 2、那个小孩很可爱。 The baby is lovely. 汉语中，除了动词，名词（例1）、形容词（例2）也可以作谓语，而英语只有动词能作谓语，英译时，译成“主+系+表”结构，此时，相应的名词和形容词作表语。 比较 （三） 表语 表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态等，常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell 等词）之后。 Africa is a big continent. Several students were ill. Her job is selling computers. Our next step was to get raw materials ready. This is what he said. The story sounds interesting． The desk feels hard.  比较： 汉语中没有表语，汉语把联系动词“是”后面的名词性成分归入宾语中。 （四） 宾语 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般用在及物动词或介词后面。 I love my motherland. They have built another power plant. She promised to help me. I don’t know what he said at the meeting. We must fight for peace. 宾语包括间接宾语(人) 和直接宾语(物)。间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向