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达龙阿西莫格鲁-制度、政治经济学和增长.pdf
Institutions, Political Economy and Growth
Daron Acemoglu
MIT
(Building on long-term collaboration with James A. Robinson)
MIT
September 4, 2012.
Acemoglu (MIT) Institutions, Political Economy and Growth September 4, 2012. 1 / 43
Institutions, Political Economy and Growth Introduction
Introduction: From Proximate to Fundamental Causes
Huge cross-country di§erences in income per capita.
Largely due to signiÖcant di§erences in growth over the last 200 years.
Empirical work in economic growth has successfully decomposed these
di§erences in levels and growth rates into contributions from physical
capital, human capital and residual (technology).
But why do these factors vary so much across countries?
Some possible fundamental causes:
1 Geography
2 Institutions
3 Culture
4 Luck
Acemoglu (MIT) Institutions, Political Economy and Growth September 4, 2012. 2 / 43
Institutions, Political Economy and Growth Institutions
What Are Institutions?
ìInstitutions are the rules of the game in a society,..., the
humanly devised constraints that shape human interactionî
Douglass North
Key points: institutions are
(1) are humanly devised; (2) set constraints; (3) shape incentives.
But important that institutions have to be broadly
construedó economic, political and social; de facto and de jure.
But crucially, institutions are all about politics, because di§erent sets
of institutions lead to di§erent distributions of resources.
Thus the investigation of the institutional origins of prosperity is
largely about the politics of institutions:
who has power to mold in
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