第讲 怎样撰写英文科技论文.ppt

(1) To indicate the relationship 与……相反 on the contrary in contrary but quite on the contrary in sharp contrast contrary to what would be expected contrary to the expectation that contrary to previous beliefs/observations contrary to the hypothesis/predictions contrary to current popular truisms (众所周知） contrary to current cognitive theories (认知的理论） (2) To indicate cause and effect accordingly as a result consequently for this reason hence in short otherwise then therefore thus (3) To Indicate Addition additionally again and then besides as can be easily understood also equally important especially for the same reason finally in addition further furthermore likewise moreover (4) To indicate concession (退让） After all Although this may be true At the same time Even though Even so Naturally Of course (5) To indicate Comparison in a like manner likewise similarly alternatively (6) To Indicate Contrast and yet at the same time but for all that however yet in fact in contrast in the real life in spite of nevertheless notwithstanding normally on the contrary on the other hand still traditionally rather unfortunately (7) To Indicate Time Relationships after a short time afterwards as indicated as long as as soon as at last at length at the moment at that time at the same time before earlier currently immediately in the meantime in recent years lately later meanwhile often presently recently soon shortly since temporarily therefore until when while (8) To Indicate Special Features or Examples for example for instance incidentally indeed in fact in other words in particular in practice specifically that is to illustrate in this respect theoretically as mentioned before / above (9) To Indicate Summary in brief in conclusion in short in summary on the whole to conclude in general to summarize to sum up as a result ultimately 7. 讨论DISCUSSION