第7章 试验法(国外英文资料).docVIP

第7章 实验法(国外英文资料) The seventh chapter is the experimental method As the difference method, experimental method and observation method is that the observation method is the research object in the understanding of the natural process of social behavior, and social law in the process of experiment to change or design to understand the research object explicit behavior. The experimental method is based on a very common relationship between phenomena and phenomena in nature and society - causality. So as we can if the phenomenon of X and Y related, and if X is the cause of the phenomenon of the phenomenon of Y changes, we can use the similar experimental research are widely used in Natural Science in the way to explore whether there is a causal relationship between the two phenomena in social survey. 7.1 basic elements of experimental method The experimental method is designed according to some causal hypothesis. Under the height control condition, the human factors are manipulated to test whether there is a causal relationship between the two phenomena. As a special research method, experimental method involves three basic elements: according to the independent and dependent variables; pretest and posttest; the experimental group and the control group. Independent variables and dependent variables The experiment is basically to examine the influence of the dependent variable X on the dependent variable Y. In the experimental study of social investigation, the independent variable is usually called experimental stimulus. It has or has no or more than two variables, that is, giving experimental stimulus or not giving experimental stimulation. It is worth noting that the two variables do not necessarily have a causal relationship. It is only when the relationship between the two variables satisfies the following three conditions that it can be concluded that the relationship is causal: (1) a covariation between two variables, namely a change of variables will be accompanied