措辞学概论第一章(国外英文资料).docVIP

语言学概论第一章(国外英文资料) One of the divisions of linguistics in chapter 1, Japanese. 1-1-1-1 modern speech and saussure Language is a system of symbols that express ideas and emotions and convey will as a function. Speech is the learning of language as an object. The basis for making speech in modern times is the Swiss linguist, saussure. Bai issued after the death of saussures theory of learning notes ^ ^ general words were known. Here is an overview of the three most important points in the notes. The arbitrariness and sociality of speech markers. In the Japanese language is called い ぬ, known as the dog in English. Chinese is called dog. These calls, the original salutation method, are not necessarily related to the original concept. Now, for example, い ぬ such creatures, called ね こ it does not matter. Mark like this, the human language, and the name is no necessary link between, in general, speech marking the side of the voice performance object, and only object, is no necessary link between them completely. Such a theory is known as saussures arbitrariness. But it can guarantee different languages. And, you can see the languages arbitrary cut off from the outside world. In Japanese, for example, a mother gave birth to the boys あ に and brother was the difference (that is, こ れ は private の brother | brother で す. Even so, also cannot say こ れ は private の brothers で す.) Both are called brother. (so, this is my brother.) The arbitrariness of speech is the property of the first name in the language. Once the name is taken, the individual cannot change. Hate, for example, い ぬ this call while the called い ぬ such creatures called ね こ also impassability, others cant understand. So once the language notation is determined, the individual cant change, and thats the social of the language. 2, ラ ン グ と パ ロ ー ル か か と heel pronouncing this sound, kakato ka1 is exhaled breath ka2 is hardly a breath. The same sound can be said in the two notes in the title. In this case, two k notes, t