现在完成时态(二)presentperfect剖析.ppt

Present Perfect Tense;现在完成时;句式的变化： have /has + v 过去分词;一、用法: 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。 常和already, yet, just, ever, never, before recently,等连用。 e.g. ?–Have you had your lunch yet? –Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. (现在我不饿了。) ? I haven’t seen her these days. ; already, just多用于肯定句中， ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 如：I?have?already?finished?my?homework． 我已经做完家庭作业了。??? He?has?just?had?his?meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have?you?ever?sung?this?English?song？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？??? They?havent?started?yet. 他们还没有身。??? We?have?never?heard?of?it． 我们从来没有听说过这件事。;ever;2. 某些动词的现在完成时可表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。（包括“现在”在内）注： ?可以和表示一段时间的状语连用：如these days, so far, up to now, till now, in the past/last few yeas, for /since 等短语. ?表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词。 e.g. I’ve known Bob for three years. They have lived here since 1996. ;二、谓语动词构成: “助动词have / has+ v. 的过去分词 （done）” ;三、过去分词： 一）、规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同： 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d 3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed 4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。;二）、过去分词之不规则变化： （一）过去分词和过去式相同的： １. 以不变应万变（ A-A-A式）。如： let → let → let set →set → set put → put → put cut → cut → cut read → read → read hurt→hurt→hurt hit→ hit→ hit shut→shut→shut cost→cost→cost;２. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加一个 t 。（ A-B-B式）如： feel → felt → felt keep → kept → kept sleep → slept → slept sweep→swept→swept ;３. 把结尾的字母d/l变为t。（ ABB式）如： lend → lent → lent 　build → built → built 　send → sent → sent spend → spent → spent spell →spelt →spelt smell →smelt →smelt ;4. 在原型后加d或t。（ ABB式）如： learn → learnt→ learnt 　hear → heard → heard 　mean → meant → meant ;5. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾,（ ABB式）如： buy → bought → bought think→thought→thought 　bring → brought → brought fight→fought→fought 　 catch → caught → caught 　teach → taught → taught ;6. 原型中的一个元音字母有变化。（ ABB式）如： sit→sat → sat win→ won →won dig →