现在完成时被动语态2.ppt

回顾一： 现在完成时 现在完成时态的定义 表示到现在为止已经发生的动作或状态， 强调过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 （强调现状结果） 例如: I have learnt 2000 English words. 回顾二：现在完成时常用的状语 already, yet, ever ，never since + 过去时间 for + 一段时间 so far, up till now, , until now， up to now, by now recently, lately, today, these days(weeks…), all day this week (month,year), in the last(past)+一段时间,（in the past用于过去时） just刚刚 (just now 刚才，用于过去时) before over time一直以来 回顾三：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时---表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；现在完成时属于现在时态范围 一般过去时---表示动作发生的时间在过去 试比较： The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去） 填空： 你看过这部电影吗？是的，我看过。 --- _____ you __________ the movie ---Yes，I ____. 你什么时候看的？----两年前 ---When _____ you it？ ---- Two years ago. 回顾四：现在完成时谓语动词的形式 Has/have +done 现在完成时被动语态的构成 Example: I have read this book many times. This book has been read many times . Has/have been done 把下列句子变成被动语态 1. They have developed some programmes. 2. This company has produced new types of computers. 3. They have interviewed several teachers . 4. George has sent some pictures to his friend’s cellphone. 注意: 1. 副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom，just等副词，置于have/has和been中间。如: [误] Such a man has been hardly believed. [正] Such a man has hardly been believed. 2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last,rise,arise,come,go,die等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如： [误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动 语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。如： The child has been taken good care of. Over time,he has been laughted at . 4、非延续性动词 短暂性动词不与一段时间段连用。 这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。 为了表达，可以“两换”:一换延续性动词have，keep，be，二换时间状语 他入党五年了。He has joined the Party for five years. ——He has been in the Party for five years. —