Lesson2 Basic Chemistry案例.docxVIP

Lesson2 Basic Chemistry 1. Atomic Structure Matter has mass and takes up space. Atoms are basic building blocks of matter, and cannot be chemically subdivided by ordinary means. Both the protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus. Protons have a positive (+) charge, neutrons have no charge --they are neutral. Electrons reside in orbitals around the nucleus. They have a negative charge (-). It is the number of protons that determines the atomic number. The number of protons in an element is constant but neutron number may vary, so mass number (protons + neutrons) may vary. 1。原子结构 物质有质量，占空间。原子是物质的基本组成物，不能用普通的方法进行化学细分。 质子和中子都驻留在原子核中。质子有一个正电荷，中子是不带电的，它们是中性的。电子在原子核周围的轨道上。他们有一个负电荷（-）。 它是确定原子序数的质子数。在一个元素中的质子的数量是恒定的，但中子数可能会有所不同，所以质量数（质子+中子）可能会有所不同。 The same element may contain varying numbers of neutrons; these forms of an element are called isotopes. The chemical properties of isotopes are the same, although the physical properties of some isotopes may be different. Some isotopes are radioactive-meaning they radiate energy as they decay to a more stable form, perhaps another element half-life: time required for half of the atoms of an element to decay into stable form. Another example is oxygen, with atomic number of 8 can have 8, 9, or 10 neutrons. 相同的元素可能含有不同数量的中子，这些元素的这些形式被称为同位素。同位素的化学性质是相同的，虽然一些同位素的物理性质可能是不同的。一些同位素是放射性的，这意味着它们“辐射”能量，因为它们衰变到一个更稳定的形式，也许另一个元素半衰期：所需的元素的原子的一半，衰变成稳定的形式。另一个例子是氧气，原子数为8，可以有8，9，或10个中子。 Here is a list of the basic characteristics of atoms: An atom is a basic chemical building block of matter. Atoms cannot be divided using chemicals. They do consist of parts, which include protons, neutrons, and electrons, but an atom is a basic chemical building block of matter. Each electron has a negative electrical charge. Each proton has a positive electrical charge. The charge of a proton and an electron are equal in magnitude, yet opposite in sign. Electrons and protons are electrically attracted to each other. 这里是一个原子的基本特征列表： ●原子是一个基本的化学构建块的事。原子不可分