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名词性从句 定义：名词性从句相当于名词，根据其在句中所作成分，可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 名词性从句的引导词： 1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。以及who(m)ever, whatever, whichever等，有词义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。以及whenever, wherever, however等，有词义，在从句中作状语。 3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不作成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不作成分。 注意：名词性从句中一律使用陈述语序。 （一）主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句中作主语，至于句首。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. （二）表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。 e.g. The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work. （三）宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。宾语从句的引导词that可省略。 e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用that或if引导。 e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work.. I’m interested in what you’ve said. 3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 ①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if。 e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain. ②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。 e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go. ③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if。 e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true. 但I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not. ④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。 e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. Whether he will come tonight hasn’t been decided. The question whether we should go there has to be answered. My question is whether we should go there. They don’t know whether to go there. （五）同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，用以解释说明该名词的具体内容，与该名词之间可划等号。 e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 注意：同位语从句与定语从间的区别。 1) 定语从句与先行名词间时修饰与被修饰关系。同位语从句与先行名词互为同位语，用于解释说明该名词，两者表示同一事物。 The news that he told me was false. The news that he got the first prize in the game was false. 2) 同位语从句的引导词不代