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一．定语从句 1.只能用that ,而不能用which 的情况 1）当定语从句修饰的先行词是： all, any, every, few, a few, only, no, some, very, something, anything, nothing, little, much 等不定代词或先行词被上述不定代词修饰时，连接词只能用that； You can take any seat that is free. 2）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级等修饰时，其后的关系代词要用that Jack is the best student that I have ever taught. 3) 先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时 He is the only person that I want to talk to. 4) 先行词既有人又有物时用 that They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school 2. that 可用于表示“方式”、“时间”、“地点”的词语后取代“when”、“where”、“in which”等也常省略 看看汤姆处理工作的方式。 Look at the way (that / in which ) Tom tackled the job. 不幸的是，我们跨越海峡的那天海上波涛汹涌 The sea was, unfortunately, very rough the day (that / when / on which ) we crossed the channel. 这是我父亲住了30 年的房子。 This is the house ( where / in which / that ) my father lived for thirty years. 3.介词后不能跟“that”，在某些固定短语中介词不应与短语分开而前置 listen to; look at; look for; pay attention to; take care of Your inefficiency, which we have put up with far too long, is beginning to annoy our customers.（put up with 为短语动词，with不能前置。） 这是我跟你说到的那本书。 Here is the book that I told you about. 不可使用：Here is the book about that I told you. 因为that 前不能加介词。） 4.名词或数词+ of + which / whom 表示部分与整体的关系 There are many forms of energy, one of which is atomic energy.（which的先行词是many forms of…） The book, the cover of which is gray, is mine.（which 的先行词是the book） 5.but 作关系代词 “but”用做关系代词时，作“who / that…not…”或“which…not…”解，用在否定结构中通过双重否定达到强烈肯定的修辞效果 凡是规则皆有例外。 There is no rule but has exceptions. = There is no rule that does not have exceptions. 即：Every rule has exceptions. More examples: Not a day went by but brought us bad news at that difficult time.= Not a day went by which did not bring us bad news at that difficult time. There are few of us but admire your accomplishments.= There are few of us who/that do not admire your accomplishments. 6.关系代词和关系副词的省略 1)在there be 结构的定语从句中，用作主语的关系代词that/who/which 可以省略，there is 或 there has ever been 等结构通常在定语从句中有“目前有的，曾经有的”之意。 e.g. Henry was the only person