主动语态变被动语态.docVIP

主动语态变被动语态。 被动语态的构成：助动词be+过去分词。 助动词be有人称、数、时态的变化，其变人规则与be作为系动词变化完全一样。 一般现在时态：am/is/are asked 现在进行时态：am/is/are being asked 现在完成时态：has /have been asked 一般过去时态：was/were asked 过去进行时态：was/were being asked 过去完成时态：had been asked 一般将来时态：shall/will be asked 将来完成时态：shall/will have been 一般过去将来时：should/would be asked 过去将来完成时：should/would have been asked 含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+ 过去分词。 二．主动语态与被动语态的转换 1.主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语。 2.主动结构的谓语动语由主动语态变为被动语态结构的谓语动词（be+动词的过去分词）。， 3.主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。若动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by组成的短语可省略。 4.主动语态变为被动语态时，时态要保持一致。 5.含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构，变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，另一个不动，一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这样句子显得自然一些。 1）主动句Most people love pop songs. 2)Did Johnson write the letter himself? 3)When did they finish the work? 含有直接宾语和间接宾语时，一般把指人的间接宾语变为主语，指物的直接宾语保留不动，常见的能接双宾语的词有：give, show, bring, lend, send等这此词与to搭配。还有buy, make, draw这些词与介词for搭配。 We gave them some books. 含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变为主语后，宾语补足语改为主语补足语，原来的位置一般不变。但如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，句子变成被动语态后则要加to。以便将两个动词隔开。 We keep food cold in the fridge. 2.Every day the tiger made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词在主动结构中有一个不可分割的词组，在被动结构中也是如此，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 The nurse takes good care of the children. 针对性练习 They write the business letters in English. Does he often mend his car? Did you build a new house last year? My sister didn’t buy a new TV set last week. Must I pay for it at once? 6. Old people must ______politely. A. speak to B. be spoken at C. be spoken to D. be speaking to 7. How long may this book _______? A.be keeping B. kept C. be kept D.is kept 8.Mary ______to go to the teacher’s office just now. A. tells B. told C. is telling D. was told 9. The sun _______at night as usual. A. can be seen B. can’t be seen C. can’t see D. doesn’t see 10. Our classroom _______every day. A. cleans B. be cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaned 虚拟语气 一．动词的语气：语气是动词一种形式，表示说话人对说话内容的看法和态度，英语的语气分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气 二．虚拟语气：表示说话人认为所说的话是和事实相反的内容，只是一种愿望、假设、猜测、或空想，用于条件句或某些动词之后。在这样的句子中要用虚拟语气。