牛津初中英语情态动词总复习.docVIP

初中英语之情态动词 情态动词的特征 有一定的词义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用构成谓语。 无人称和数的变化（have to除外） 如：He must stay here. He has to stay here. 情态动词后接动词原形 如：She may lose her way. 具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。 如：—Can you sing an English song?? —一Yes, I can. 情态动词的用法 can/could （1）表能力“能，会”≈be able to Eg, Can you play basketball? （2）表怀疑、猜测“可能”（常用于否定句或疑问句中） →can’t 不可能 Eg. She can’t be in the room. (3) 表请求或允许“可以”（多用于口语中） Eg. You can go now. — Can I come in ? —Yes, you can./ No, you can’t. ★注：以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和can’t ▲ be able to 表某一特定情况下成功做到某事 may/might (1)表怀疑、猜测“可能”(常用于肯定句中) →may not 可能不 Eg. He may come back tomorrow. →He may not come back tomorrow. (2)表请求或许可“可以” Eg .— May I come in ? — Yes, you can No, you can’t/ mustn’t. ★注：may表请求，用于主语为第一人陈的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用must’t 或can’t,不用may not ,译为“不可以、不许、禁止” ▲maybe 与 maybe Maybe常置于句首=perhaps， may be 常置于句中≈ be 如：Maybe he is a student. He may be a student. Must (1)表猜测“一定”（一般用于肯定句） →否定：can’t “不可能” —There is someone knocking on the door, — It must be June.→否定：It can’t be June. (2)表“必须” →否定：needn’t/don’t have to Eg. You must finish the work today. →否定：You needn’t finish the work today. —Must I go there with you ? — Yes， you must. (No , you needn’t/ don’t have to) ★注：—Must I ……? — Yes， you must. (No , you needn’t/ don’t have to) ▲must 与 have to have/has to 强调客观需要“必须，不得不” Must 表主管意愿“必须” should 表义务、责任“应当”=ought to do(否定:ought not to do) Eg. As students, we should study hard. Shall 用于第一人称，表征求意见、询问 Shall I open the door? 用于第二、三人称，表警告、名利、允诺等 You shall hand in your papers when the bell rings. need (1)作实义动词：有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定、否定或疑问句 Eg, He needs to finish the work with his sister. → He doesn’t need to …… → Does he need to finish……？ ▲主动形式表被动意义 need doing=need to be done Eg. The bike needs to be repaired.=the bike needs repairing. 作情态动词 无人称和数的变化；只用于否定句或疑问句中 Eg He needn’t go there now. ★注：—Need he go there now? —Y