【2017年整理】胎儿脊柱异常的超声诊断.ppt

胎儿脊柱异常的超声诊断　 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 脊柱正常解剖 脊柱 颈椎7块 胸椎12块 腰椎5块 骶骨1块（由5块骶椎合成） 尾脊骨1块（由4块尾椎合成） Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 颈椎 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 胸椎 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 腰椎 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 正常脊椎的发育 孕8周已初具雏形 正常胎儿孕14周即可观察胎儿脊柱形态 孕16周发育完成 中期妊娠对脊柱观察最理想 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 脊柱异常的分类 一、椎弓发育异常 脊柱裂 二、椎体发育异常 半椎体畸形 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 脊柱裂 是胎儿神经系统常见畸形之一，是后神经孔闭合失败所致、 主要特征：背侧的两个椎弓未能融合在一起而引起的脊柱畸形，脊膜和（或）脊髓通过未完全闭合的脊柱疝出或向外露出。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 超声产前诊断应诊断的严重畸形 根据目前超声技术水平，妊娠16~24周应诊断的致命畸形包括： 无脑儿 脑膨出 开放性脊柱裂 胸腹壁缺损内脏外翻 单腔心 致命性软骨发育不全 ————卫生部《产前诊断技术管理办法》 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 脊柱裂分类 产前诊断领域目前对开放性脊柱裂和闭合性脊柱裂是根据以下区分： 一、是否有神经组织（神经基板）暴露在外 二、是否有完整的皮肤覆盖 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 脊柱裂分类 开放性脊柱裂 病变部位皮肤连续性中断，椎管内成分部分或全部经过脊柱缺损处向后膨出，脑脊液通过缺损处露出，好发于腰段或骶尾段水平 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-20