第2章_汉英翻译基础知识精选.pptVIP

汉译英译者应具有的素养 深厚的语言功底 广博的文化知识 高度的责任感 深厚的语言功底 表现：对汉英两种语言正确的理解和熟练的运用能力 关键因素：language sense/writing competence Language sense: sense of grammar; sense of idiomaticness; sense of coherence 语法意识： 时态，语态，主谓一致；非谓语/谓语动词；名词单复数，冠词乃至拼写，大小写和标点符号 原文：只见她一身珠光宝气，绰约宜人。  译文1 ：To see her shining in jewelries and graceful in manner.  译文2 ：She showed up in a graceful manner, gleaming with jewelry. 这项工作由张先生负责. The job is in charge of Mr Zhang 什么是有灵主语和无灵主语？ 由于西方传统思维方式较强调客观作用，常用无生命的、非人称的名词作主语，这叫无灵主语；而汉语则注重主体思维，往往从自我出发来叙述客观事物，因此，常用人称做主语，这叫有灵主语。翻译时需经常转换，如汉语说“有人听见呼救的声音”，而英语则说Voices were heard calling for help.请看下面这句话的翻译： 原文：我们一些旧衣服和旧家具，当的当了，卖的卖了。 译文1：We have pawned or sold our old clothes and furniture.译文2：Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. 表面上看，“我们”是句子的主语，第一种译法遵循原文，算不上错，但第二种译文把重心放在物品上，主语采用old clothes and few sticks of furniture，更关注那些物品的去向，而不是“我们”做了什么，因而更能突出原文隐含的意思。 惯用法意识： 遵循英语习惯用法，例如动词用法，动词与其他词语搭配用法，习语用法等。 目的：形成自然地道的英译文。 Eg. 很多热心人都前来帮忙，但都无济于事。人们找到了他，但被他拒绝了。 Many warm-hearted people came to help, but without any result. People wanted him to help, however, he refused them. Many warm-hearted neighbors came, but they could do nothing for her. So they turned to him for help, yet met with his refusal. 原文：一定是天亮了，因为鸟儿在歌唱。 译文1：The day must be bright now, because the birds are singing. 译文2：It must be morning now, because the birds are singing.  连贯意识 避免句子衔接突兀，上下文不贯通。 蜗阳苔干，名优特产，驰名中外，声震古今，翠绿、鲜嫩、清脆可口，有“ 天然海蜇” 之称；清乾隆年间奉献皇宫，故又名“ 贡菜” 。 Taigan(a kind of dry stemmed vegetable) is a famous special local product of Woyang, Anhui Province. It is well known all over the world. It can be regarded as “jellyfish on land”. It is green, tender, crisp and pleasant to taste. It was once an article of tribute in Qing Dynasty. 我国有句成语：“望子成龙”。 There is a proverb in China:“Long to see one’s son succeed in life.” 中国人常说“民以食为天”。 Chinese people would say:“The masses regard food as their prime want.”(as their Heaven) Daily food is the main concern of co