管理与组织PPT9.ppt

* How can top managers provide effective strategic leadership? Eight key dimensions have been identified.28 (See Exhibit 9-6.) * * * Given the highly uncertain environment that managers face today, strategic flexibility seems absolutely necessary! Exhibit 9-7 provides suggestions for developing such strategic flexibility. * * * * An organization that’s first to bring a product innovation to the market or to use a new process innovation is called a first mover. Being a first mover has certain strategic advantages and disadvantages as shown in Exhibit 9-8. * * * Types of Competitive Strategies Cost Leadership Strategy Seeking to attain the lowest total overall costs relative to other industry competitors Differentiation Strategy Attempting to create a unique and distinctive product or service for which customers will pay a premium Focus Strategy Using a cost or differentiation advantage to exploit a particular market segment as opposed to a larger market The Need for Strategic Flexibility Strategic flexibility - the ability to recognize major external changes, to quickly commit resources, and to recognize when a strategic decision was a mistake. Exhibit 9-7: Developing Strategic Flexibility Strategies for Applying e-Business Techniques Cost Leadership On-line activities: bidding, order processing, inventory control, recruitment and hiring Differentiation Internet-based knowledge systems, online ordering and customer support Focus Chat rooms and discussion boards, targeted Web sites Customer Service Strategies Giving the customers what they want Communicating effectively with them Providing employees with customer service training Innovation Strategies Possible Events Radical breakthroughs in products Application of existing technology to new uses Strategic Decisions about Innovation Basic research Product development Process innovation First Mover - an organization that brings a product innovation to the market or uses new process innovations. Exhibit 9-8: First-Mov