药物说明书中长句的翻译剖析.pptVIP

如何理解长句 医学英语文章, 句式相对比较长, 修饰语比较多. 遇到长句时, 我们可以先一口气读完, 中途遇到疑难, 也不要停下来推敲钻研, 只求对原文大意有一个概括的初步的了解. 然后再根据上下文内容, 从下面几方面着手: 弄清楚主句和从句, 包括从句内部主从部分的语法结构, 抓住主语和谓语这个主要矛盾. 注意标点符号, 尤其是分号, 它往往表示一个有一定独立性的思想单元. 注意连词, 特别是要注意相关的连词, 例如: such----as---; more---than----; prefer---to----; would rather---than---- 注意代词,尤其是关系代词. 不仅要明确它的先行词或它所指代的部分, 而且要分析其在定语从句中所起的作用, 能够将从句转变为简单句从而便于理解. 注意省略, 因为省略是长句中常见的现象. 要求能够将省略补充出来, 以便加深理解. 总的来说,理解长句的过程是先读完全句, 了解大意要点; 然后化整为零, 按层次, 分段落细读; 最后合零为整, 集树为林, 即经过” 合→分→合”的步骤顺序. 确定主语, 谓语, 掌握中心思想 1) Allergic reactions may occur in a large percentage of normal individuals without evident hereditary qualities. 变态反应可能在大部分无明显遗传素质的正常人身上发生. 2) In some patients inability to describe their distress of atypical localization and symptomatology may make it impossible to appraise the condition with assurance on the initial examination. 有些病人不能够说明其疼痛情况, 疼痛的部位及其症状不典型, 因而不可能于初次检查时确定其病情. 3) Comprehensive and specific prophylactic measures VS (versus) atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease are impossible without proper understanding of the etiology of these diseases. 对动脉粥样硬化症及缺血性心脏病的病因缺乏充分了解, 就不可能对其采取全面特殊的预防性措施. 2. 先理解主句， 再理解从句 （ 主要是：定语从句，状语从句， 同位语从句和以it为形式主语的主语从句） 1）Approximately 80% of acute gastric ulcers（胃肠溃疡）, which were rarely demonstrable by means of X-ray, healed rapidly within 2 to 4 weeks, leaving little or no trace pathologically. 有将近80%的急性胃肠溃疡（均很少能够由X线证实）在2到4周内迅速愈合， 几乎没有留下病理痕迹。 2）The development of new pathogens has made it known that repeated cultures are necessary in the course of antibiotic therapy. 新病原菌的出现，使得人们证明了在抗生素治疗过程中，反复进行细菌的培养是必要的。 3）In support of this hypothesis is also the fact that lethargy (瞌睡) may often be relieved by transfusion or fluid intake. 支持这一假设的还有下列事实，即瞌睡状态通过输液或进水往往可以得到缓解。 4) The committee also indicated that alcohol does differ from other drugs in that large quantities over a long period of time are necessary for it to become habit-forming. 委员会也指出，酒精只有长期大量饮用后才能成隐这一点上，确实与其他药物不同。 3. 通过连词理解分句与分句、主句与从句的关系 连