口译技巧1 语音与文字.pptVIP

Session 2 语音与文字 Vowels and Consonants English – 12 vowels 8 diphthongs 2 semi-vowels 24 consonants Chinese – 10 单韵母 (vowels) 13 复韵母 (diphthongs) 15 鼻韵母 (vowels+nasal consonants) 22 声母 (consonants) Vowels and Consonants English – simple structure more logical strict forms conception-centred, straightforward, ‘masculine’ Chinese – greater varieties different levels of vowels relatively loose forms apperception-centred, beautified, ‘feminine’ Things Can Be Complex … English: different combinations of letters to form syllables (phonemes) eg. son – sun, fir – fur, sea – see, knot – not, week – weak, tail – tale, meddle – medal Chinese: 同音词，近音词，叠音词 eg. 音信－音讯，隐讳－隐晦，折中－折衷， 统统－通通，异香－异乡，期中－期终 Intonations Chinese is a tonal language（声调语言）. Dead. Killed? No. Yes! --Thomas Francis Wade (魏妥玛) English is an intonational language（语调语言）. Functions of C E Intonations Linguistic Functions of Chinese Tones 1.辨义功能（摊子，坛子，毯子，探子） 2.构形功能（和气，一唱一和，好人，好客） 3.分界功能（声调－声调，音节－音节） 4.修辞功能（翻江倒海，高谈阔论，风平浪静，山青水秀） Linguistic Functions of English Intonations 1. Accentual function (nucleus placement) 2. Grammatical function (ambiguity elimination) 3. Semantic function (negative and questions) 4. Discourse function (conversational principles) What about the Form? “…….我还斗胆设想,如果汉语的词像英语的词那样节奏不一,如male跟female(阳/阴) ﹑heaven跟earth(天/地)﹑rational跟surd(有理数/无理数),汉语就不会有‘阴阳’ ﹑‘乾坤’之类影响深远的概念。 －－ 赵元任 “受中庸哲学思想的影响，中国人的美学观点中特别强调平衡美，除了极为频繁地使用对仗这一修辞格，还大量使用四字词组。 －－ 陈宏薇 Examples Analysis 仕宦至将相，富贵归故乡。 － 欧阳修《相州锦堂记》 仕宦而至将相，富贵而归故乡。 Examples Analysis All the ponds, lakes and rivers were frozen over, and the roads were covered with slippery ice or deep snow. 所有的水塘、湖和河都冻上了，路被滑冰和厚厚雪盖住了。 It was in 1957, not in 1958, that the Wuhan Bridge was completed. 武汉桥是1957年建成，而不是1958年。 The Olympic Flames burns throughout the Games. 奥林匹克火在运动会期间一