基础英语词类知识记忆大纲.docVIP

基础英语词类知识 记忆大纲 (一) 冠词 和 名词 英语冠词有三个：不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the. 不定冠词a/an的基本意思是“一”，泛指提到的任何一个人或事物；由于英语没有汉语那样丰富的量词(如：个、只、本、辆、头等)，因此，a或an要根据情况理解翻译为“一个、一只、一本、一辆、一头……”，例如：This is a car. It’s an American car.  That is a big apple. That’s an apple.凡是发辅音开头的词(大多数单词)前面用a， 凡是发元音开头的单词前面用an. 由于元音字母a, e, i, o, u常发元音，所以几乎所有以元音字母开头的单词前都是用an, 少数情况例外。请看例子：Aa: an American [??????????]一个美国人 an apple [????] 一个苹果Ee: an English car [???????] 一辆英国车 an egg [???] 一个鸡蛋Ii: an Italian [????????] 一个意大利人 an idea [??????] 一个主意Oo: an orange [???????] 一个桔子 an hour [????] 一小时Uu: an umbrella [?????????] 一把雨伞 a unit [???????] 一个单元、单位 a pen [???] 一支钢笔 a Chinese [?????????]一个中国人★小练习：___ a(一个a), ___ b, ___ c, ___ d, ___ e, ___ f, ___ g, ___ h, ___ i, ___ j, ___ k, ___ l, ___ m, ___ n, ___ o, ___ p, ___ q, ___ r, ___ s, ___ t, ___u, ___ v, ___ w, ___ x, ___ y, ___ z. ___ door, ___ room, ___ eraser, ___ empty box, ___ uncle. ?定冠词the源于this /these或that/ those，基本意思是：这、那。表示特指、暗指已提到过的或双方都知道的那个(些)人或事物，另外有一些是固定词组。例如：Look, a man is coming to the classroom. The man is my teacher.固定词组：in the morning, the USA, the Great Wall, play the piano(钢琴), the sun★ 小练习，用适当的冠词填空：--- Give me my hat(帽子), please. --- Which one? ____ green one? --- No, not ____ green one, ____ black one. --- Give me that book please, Jane.  --- Which book? This one?  --- No, not that one. ____ red one. --- Are these your pens? --- No, they aren’t. _____ blue ones are. 无冠词: 英语还有不使用任何冠词的固定习惯说法：1. 泛指的一日三餐名词前无冠词：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper, dinner,2. 球类、运动、游戏类名词前无冠词：play football, play games/chess/cards, 3. 泛指的年份、月份、季节、时刻名词前无冠词：in 1999, in May, in summer在夏天, at dawn拂晓时分, at noon正午时分, at dark黄昏时分, at night在夜里,4. 其它固定词组：at home, at school, go to work/school, by car, on foot, 综合练习： Do you have _____ eraser? A. a B. the C. an D. / —What do you do?--__________.A. What do you do? B. I’m very well. C. I’m doctor. D. I’m a teacher. We are in _____ same(相同的) class. A. a B. an