复习一定语从句.docVIP

复习一 定语从句（1） 一、基本概念 （一） 定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 （二） 先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。 （三）关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的引导词与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that , whose和as。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。 二、关系代词的用法 （一）基本用法 根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that 人，物 主语宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 （二）必用关系代词that的情况 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 ⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。 ⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。 ⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。 (5) 先行词既有人又有物时。 (6) 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。 （三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况 ⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。 ⑵先行词是those时。 ①One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ②Those who were not fit for their work could not see beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. （四）与whose有关的问题 ⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。 ⑵ 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。 ① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. → The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 → The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. 三、介词前提的问题 关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。 Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语） →Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 要注意的是： ⑴ 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词