动词语法简介.doc

动词语法简介 法语动词语法简介 A verb may be defined as the action word of the sentence. To determine whether a word is a verb or not, consider its role in the sentence. How is the word access used in the following sentences? Never give strangers access to your bank account. If you cant access the Web pages during peak hours, try again. In the first sentence, access is a thing (a noun) that you can give to somebody. In the second sentence, access is something you do (a verb) with your computer. The point is that whether a word is considered a noun or a verb depends on how it is used in the sentence. 1. infinitives and conjugations （不定式与变化式） When you study verbs, you will need to know the difference between the infinitive form of the verb and the finite forms, or conjugated forms. English infinitives are preceded by the word to. to eat, to drink, to sleep These verbs are called infinitives because, like the concept of infinity, they are not bound by time. From the infinitive, we derive the conjugated forms of the verb, also known as the finite forms of the verb. They are called finite because they refer to events anchored in time, that is, to events that have a particular tense: past, present, future. Note the conjugated forms of the infinitive to study. I studied French in high school. past tense conjugation（过去变化式） I am studying French in college this semester. present tense conjugation （现在变化式） I will study French next year overseas. future tense conjugation （将来变化式） Verb conjugations are traditionally presented in textbooks according to paradigms, a grammatical term for pattern. A paradigm always includes the infinitive followed by the conjugations according to person which is divided into first, second and third, as well as number, which is the distinction between singular and plural. Here is the paradigm for the present tense of the French verb parler, to speak. parler singular plural 1st person je parle nous parlons (I speak) (