复合句1.doc

复合句1 复合句（The ComplexSentence）：句子中有一个或一个以上的从句，叫做复合句。复合句可分为： 1).定语从句（The Attributive Clause）； 2).状语从句（The Adverbial Clause）； 3).名词性从句（The Noun Clause） 一、 定语从句 · 定语从句的定义 定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。 · 先行词和引导词 被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词； 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。 引导词分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。 · 关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why。 注意：关系副词里面没有how。 如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。 I don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。 · 关系代词：who 关系动词who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。 He is the man who wants to see you. He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday. · 关系代词：whom He is the man （whom） I saw in the park yesterday. （whom在从句中作宾语） · 关系代词：whose whose 用来指人或物，（只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which the cover/the cover of which） · 关系代词：which（1） which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。 They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice. The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing. · 关系代词：which（2） 当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一下情况要选which： 1.在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。 2. 修饰整个主句。 I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity. 3. 修饰谓语部分。 He can swim in the river, which I cannot. 4. 介词 + which They are all questions to which there are no answers. · 关系代词：that（1） that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。指物的时候多用that，也可用which。 It’s a question that (which) needs careful consideration. （指物，作主语。） Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree? （指人，作主语。） The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister. （指人，作宾语，可省略。） · 关系代词：that（2） 在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。 1. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。 All (that) she lacked was training. 2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 3. 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时 4. 先行词中既有人又有物时 They t