九年级化学下册知识点(人教课标版)(国外英文资料).doc

九年级化学下册知识点(人教课标版)(国外英文资料) Unit seventh fuel and its use The subject of the 1 combustion and extinguishing 1, the combustion is a kind of light and heat intense oxidation of combustible and oxygen occurs. 2, the combustion conditions: (three conditions at the same time have one) Have fuel; The fuel and oxygen (or air) contact; The fuel temperature to reach the ignition point (minimum temperature required during combustion). 3, the principle of fire: (failure of combustion conditions) The removal of fuel; the oxygen (or air); The temperature is reduced to below. The subject of the 2 fuel and heat 1, the three major fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, natural gas (non renewable resources) Coal: the food industry, black gold, composed of C, H, O, S and other elements. Oil: blood of industry, composed of C, H, O, N and other elements. Natural gas (mainly methane, gas, combustible ice): methane (CH4) 2, the comprehensive utilization of fossil fuels: Coal coke, coal tar, coke oven gas (CO, H2, CH4) Petroleum solvent oil, kerosene, gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil, paraffin and asphalt. 3, the exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction Exothermic reaction: chemical reaction on the heat release called exothermic reaction. (chemical energy, heat) Endothermic reaction: chemical to absorb the heat of the reaction is called an endothermic reaction. (thermal energy, chemical energy) 4, complete combustion and incomplete combustion The complete combustion: when sufficient oxygen, combustible can complete combustion. (burning speed, heat, no environmental pollution, saving fuel) The incomplete combustion: when not enough oxygen, combustible prone to incomplete combustion. (slow burning heat, less environmental pollution, waste of fuel) Effect of using fuels on the environment issues 3 The acid rain The reason: large amounts of sulfur dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion. The damage: damage crops, forest and grassland, soil acidification; biological effects of growth and reprod