化学知识点归纳2(理论部分)(国外英文资料).docVIP

化学知识点归纳2(理论部分)(国外英文资料) Two. Theoretical part The application of law to the hydrolysis of salts: Salt ion with water out of the ionization of hydrogen ions or hydroxyl ions generated weak electrolyte reaction is called hydrolysis of salts. Its general rule is: who is weak, who hydrolysis, who is stronger than others; the two is not hydrolyzed; the two weak is more hydrolysis; the weaker the more hydrolysis. So, in what cases do you consider the hydrolysis of salt? 1. to analyze and judge the acidity and alkalinity of salt solution, we should consider hydrolysis. 2. the hydrolysis of salt should be taken into account when determining the species and concentration of ions in the salt solution. Such as Na2S solution contains ions, according to the concentration from large to small order: C (na+), c (s2-), c (oh-), c (hs-), c (h+) Or: C (na+), +c (h+), =2c (s2-), +c (hs-), +c (oh-) 3. the hydrolysis of salt shall be taken into consideration when preparing certain salt solutions Such as the preparation of FeCl3, SnCl4, Na2SiO3 and other salt solution, they should be dissolved in the corresponding acid or alkali solution. 4. hydrolysis should be considered when preparing certain salts Al2S3, MGS, Mg3N2 and other substances are very easy to interact with water. They can not exist stably in solution. Therefore, they can not be prepared by the method of double decomposition reaction, but can only be prepared by dry process. 5. certain reactive metals react with strongly acid weak bases and consider hydrolysis Reactive metals such as Mg, Al, Zn, etc. react with NH4Cl, CuSO4, AlCl3 and other solutions 3mg+2alcl3 +6h2o=3mgcl2+2al (OH): +3h2 = 3 6. to determine the acidity and basicity of the solution at the end of the neutralization titration, to select the indicator and to judge the excess of the acid or base in the ph=7, the hydrolysis of the salt shall be taken into account If CH3COOH and NaOH react exactly when ph7, if the two is ph=7 after reaction, then CH3COOH is excessiv