铣刀数控加工过程及磨削中砂轮刀位轨迹算法.doc

摘 要 铣刀作为机械加工的主要切削工具，其用途广泛，消耗较大，所以铣刀的批量加工生产尤为重要。由于铣刀材料多为高速钢或硬质合金，硬度较大，而且铣刀本身作为一种重要的切削刀具，其精度较高，所以铣刀的数控加工必须在高精密数控磨床上进行。其关键技术在于磨削过程中砂轮刀位轨迹的规划，本文以铣刀的刃部数控加工过程及其刀位轨迹规划为研究对象，深入研究了加工过程中砂轮的刀位轨迹的算法，本文主要以立铣刀为例，包括以下三个方面的研究： 通过对铣刀生产现场的实践学习，研究了铣刀刃部的数控加工过程，按照加工顺序一般分为四步：整体开槽、端面齿隙磨削、前端面精磨、外圆精磨。 通过对曲线曲面知识的学习，深入分析了铣刀典型螺旋槽的形状结构，主要研究了四种螺旋槽，并得到这四种螺旋槽的一般几何方程式，为后续的数控加工过程做了铺垫。 通过研究铣刀刃部的数控加工过程，对铣刀刃部形状在数控加工中砂轮刀位轨迹进行了规划研究，确定了砂轮在铣刀周刃和端刃加工过程中轴线矢量和砂轮中心的位置坐标矢量，并且研究了平形轮旋转不同角度投影后得到的仿形曲线的规律。 关键字：铣刀数控加工，铣刀几何特征，刀位轨迹规划   ABSTRACT Milling cutter, as the main cutting tool of the mechanical process, have been widely applied, consume larger, so milling cutters batch process production is particularly important. Because milling cutter always use high speed steel or cemented carbide as their materials, hardness is larger. As an important kind of cutting tools, milling cutter has a high precision. So machining milling cutters grinding process must be in the high-precision CNC grinding machine, and its key technology lies in the cutting process grinding wheel tool path planning, this article in order to milling cutter’s blade of the NC machining process and its cutter location tool path planning as the research object, in-depth study the machining the process of grinding wheel of the tool path planning, this paper mainly use the vertical milling cutter as an example, including the following three aspects of the research: (1) Through to the milling cutter production field practice learning. Studying the NC machining process of the milling cutter blade, according to the processing order there are generally divided into four steps: Overall grooving, End face grinding tooth gap, End face fine grinding, Cylindrical fine grinding. (2) Through the study of knowledge of the curve surface, In-depth analysis the shape structure of the typical spiral flute of the milling cutter, mainly studied the four helical groove, and get the general geometry equations for the four helical groove, do set the stage for su