翻译理论与实践课堂讲解部分内容汇总.docVIP

翻译理论与实践课堂讲解部分内容汇总 一、 What is tranlation Nida’s definition： Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Tytler’s principles A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original; A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. Yanfu’s principles Faithfulness（信）, Expressiveness（达）and Elegance（雅） “Faithfulness” means the full and complete conveying of the original content of thought; “Expressiveness” demands that the version should be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense; “Elegance” refers to the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty. 刘重德: faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness. faithfulness: to be faithful to the content of the original; expressiveness: to be as expressive and smooth as the original; closeness: to be as close to the original style as possible. 鲁迅: Rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language) in opposition to Liang Shi-qiu’s translation principle in 1930s. (宁信而不顺) 傅雷: TL should be similar to SL both in Form and in Spirit. （神似说：形式和神韵） Eugene A. Nida’s principles Dynamic equivalence or Functional equivalence The translator is to produce as nearly as possible the same effect on his readers as was produced on the readers of the original. Peter Newmark’s principles 语义翻译、交际翻译 Semantic translation: The translator attempts, within the bare syntactic and semantic constraints of the TL, to produce the precise contextual meaning of the author. Semantic translation focuses primarily upon the semantic content of the source text. Communicative translation: The translator attempts to produce the same effect on the TL readers as was produced by the original on the SL readers. Communicative translation focuses essentially