lecture33定语从句.docVIP

Lecture 33 关系分句 1概说 1.1定语从句的含义 在主句中担任定语的从句叫做定语从句。它通常置于所修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）之后。 Time and time again there are serious accidents that pollute the air.污染空气的严重事故屡屡发生。 1.2 定语从句的连接词 引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which 关系副词：where, when, why The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. 注意：how 不可以引导定语从句，若要表示方式，可以这样来表示：the way in which/ that/ 省略。 正：Thats how he spoke．（表语从句） 正：Thats the way he spoke． 正：Thats the way（that） he spoke． 正：Thats the way（in which）he spoke． 误：Thats the way how he spoke． The person whom you should ask is Mr. Ball. The couple whose photo I took at the party were very pleased with it. 先行词表物时，关联词由which和that充当，分别作主语和宾语（关联词可以省略）。 He had many merchant ships which traded with other countries. 先行词表时间时，关联词由when担任，在从句中作时间状语。 This was at a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. 先行词表地方时，关联词由where担任，在从句中作地点状语。 Today many of them live in special areas where they can continue their way of life. 先行词表原因（只有reason一词）时，关联词由why担任，在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why the accident occurred is still unknown. 非限定性定语从句通常与其先行词用逗号分开，表示二者关系比较松散。 先行词表人时，关联词通常由who, whom, whose担任（that不能用于连接非限定性定语从句），在从句中作主语和宾语。 That man, whom I met yesterday, is a film director. 先行词表物时，关联词由which担任（that不能用于连接非限定性定语从句），在从句中作主语和宾语。 The dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3,830 metres long. 先行词表时间时，关联词由when担任，在从句中作时间状语。 Agriculture first started about 10,000 years ago, when people bagan to grow crops in the river valley of the Nile in Egypt, in the Middle East and in India. 先行词表地方时，关联词由where担任，在从句中作地点状语。 He returned to Dublin, where he formed his own pop group. Why不可以引导非限制性定语从句 注：限定性定语从句v.s非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句对先行词起限制作用，二者关系密切，不用逗号隔开；非限定性定语从句对先行词只是起单纯的描述作用，通常用逗号分开。 非限定性定语从句一般不使用关系代词that，而且关系代词在从句中作宾语时不能省略。 注：定语从句v.s同位语从句 同位语从句与定语结构有类似地方，从句通常置于它所联系的先行词之后。 二者不同的是，定语从句与先行词是修饰关系，而同位语从句与先行词则是等同关系。此外，同位语从句中的that是从属连词，它在从句中不担任句子成分；而定语从句中的that是关系代词，它一定在句子中担任句子成分。 The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue. The rumor that Tom was a thief tur